on June 30, 2008
Published online before print June 30, 2008, doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.163998
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Submitted on January 29, 2008
Accepted on May 5, 2008
Low HDL Cholesterol Is a Risk Factor for Deficit and Decline in Memory in Midlife. The Whitehall II Study
Archana Singh-Manoux *;
From INSERM u687-IFR69, the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M., D.G., M.K., E.B., M.G.M.), University College London, UK; and the Centre de Gérontologie, Hôpital Ste Périne (A.S.-M.), AP-HP, France.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Archana.Singh-Manoux{at}inserm.fr.
Objective—The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between fasting serum lipids and short-term verbal memory in middle-aged adults.
Methods and Results—Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and memory were measured twice, at mean ages 55 and 61, in 3673 male and female participants of the Whitehall II study. Short-term verbal memory was assessed using a 20-word list. Logistic regression was used to model associations between ATP-III categories of lipids and memory deficit (recall of 
4 words) and decline (decrease of 
2 words). Analyses were adjusted for education, occupational position, coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, use of medication, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Compared to high HDL-C (60 mg/dL), low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL) was associated with greater odds of memory deficit at the first (OR=1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.91 to 1.77) and second wave of this study (OR=1.53; 95% CI=1.04 to 2.25) in fully adjusted analysis. Decrease in HDL-C over the 5-year follow-up period was associated with decline in memory in the adjusted analysis (OR=1.61; 95% CI=1.19 to 2.16); no interaction with APOE e4 status was present.
Conclusions—HDL-C levels are potentially modifiable, and our results suggest that low HDL-C is associated with poor memory and decline in memory in middle-aged adults.
Key words: HDL cholesterol • memory • lipids • Whitehall II
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