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Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1989;9:21-32

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Arteriosclerosis, Vol 9, 21-32, Copyright © 1989 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Molecular modeling of protein-glycosaminoglycan interactions

AD Cardin and HJ Weintraub
Merrell Dow Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio 45215.

Forty-nine regions in 21 proteins were identified as potential heparin- binding sites based on the sequence organizations of their basic and nonbasic residues. Twelve known heparin-binding sequences in vitronectin, apolipoproteins E and B-100, and platelet factor 4 were used to formulate two search strings for identifying potential heparin- binding regions in other proteins. Consensus sequences for glycosaminoglycan recognition were determined as [-X-B-B-X-B-X-] and [- X-B-B-B-X-X-B-X-] where B is the probability of a basic residue and X is a hydropathic residue. Predictions were then made as to the heparin- binding domains in endothelial cell growth factor, purpurin, and antithrombin-III. Many of the natural sequences conforming to these consensus motifs show prominent amphipathic periodicities having both alpha-helical and beta-strand conformations as determined by predictive algorithms and circular dichroism studies. The heparin-binding domain of vitronectin was modeled and formed a hydrophilic pocket that wrapped around and folded over a heparin octasaccharide, yielding a complementary structure. We suggest that these consensus sequence elements form potential nucleation sites for the recognition of polyanions in proteins and may provide a useful guide in identifying heparin-binding regions in other proteins. The possible relevance of protein-glycosaminoglycans interactions in atherosclerosis is discussed.


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ApoC-III content of apoB-containing lipoproteins is associated with binding to the vascular proteoglycan biglycan
J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2002; 43(11): 1969 - 1977.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. R. Flannery, W. Zeng, C. Corcoran, L. A. Collins-Racie, P. S. Chockalingam, T. Hebert, S. A. Mackie, T. McDonagh, T. K. Crawford, K. N. Tomkinson, et al.
Autocatalytic Cleavage of ADAMTS-4 (Aggrecanase-1) Reveals Multiple Glycosaminoglycan-binding Sites
J. Biol. Chem., November 1, 2002; 277(45): 42775 - 42780.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
J. M. Smit, B.-L. Waarts, K. Kimata, W. B. Klimstra, R. Bittman, and J. Wilschut
Adaptation of Alphaviruses to Heparan Sulfate: Interaction of Sindbis and Semliki Forest Viruses with Liposomes Containing Lipid-Conjugated Heparin
J. Virol., September 11, 2002; 76(20): 10128 - 10137.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
D. Boulanger, P. Green, B. Jones, G. Henriquet, L. G. Hunt, S. M. Laidlaw, P. Monaghan, and M. A. Skinner
Identification and Characterization of Three Immunodominant Structural Proteins of Fowlpox Virus
J. Virol., August 28, 2002; 76(19): 9844 - 9855.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
M. Iwata, L. Graf, N. Awaya, and B. Torok-Storb
Functional interleukin-7 receptors (IL-7Rs) are expressed by marrow stromal cells: binding of IL-7 increases levels of IL-6 mRNA and secreted protein
Blood, July 30, 2002; 100(4): 1318 - 1325.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. McCabe, T. Cukierman, and J. E. Gabay
Basic Residues in Azurocidin/HBP Contribute to Both Heparin Binding and Antimicrobial Activity
J. Biol. Chem., July 19, 2002; 277(30): 27477 - 27488.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
H. V. Reddi and H. L. Lipton
Heparan Sulfate Mediates Infection of High-Neurovirulence Theiler's Viruses
J. Virol., July 17, 2002; 76(16): 8400 - 8407.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
K. Olin-Lewis, J. L. Benton, J. C. Rutledge, D. G. Baskin, T. N. Wight, and A. Chait
Apolipoprotein E Mediates the Retention of High-Density Lipoproteins by Mouse Carotid Arteries and Cultured Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Extracellular Matrices
Circ. Res., June 28, 2002; 90(12): 1333 - 1339.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
N. H. H. Heegaard, P. Roepstorff, S. G. Melberg, and M. H. Nissen
Cleaved beta 2-Microglobulin Partially Attains a Conformation That Has Amyloidogenic Features
J. Biol. Chem., March 22, 2002; 277(13): 11184 - 11189.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
R. Erdman, R. C. Stahl, K. Rothblum, M. A. Chernousov, and D. J. Carey
Schwann Cell Adhesion to a Novel Heparan Sulfate Binding Site in the N-terminal Domain of alpha 4 Type V Collagen Is Mediated by Syndecan-3
J. Biol. Chem., February 22, 2002; 277(9): 7619 - 7625.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Gen. Virol.Home page
C. A. Rue and P. Ryan
Characterization of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein C attachment to heparan sulfate proteoglycans
J. Gen. Virol., February 1, 2002; 83(2): 301 - 309.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 DevelopmentHome page
J. B. Rubin, Y. Choi, and R. A. Segal
Cerebellar proteoglycans regulate sonic hedgehog responses during development
Development, January 5, 2002; 129(9): 2223 - 2232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
A. Jinno-Oue, M. Oue, and S. K. Ruscetti
A Unique Heparin-Binding Domain in the Envelope Protein of the Neuropathogenic PVC-211 Murine Leukemia Virus May Contribute to Its Brain Capillary Endothelial Cell Tropism
J. Virol., December 15, 2001; 75(24): 12439 - 12445.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
L. Desnoyers, D. Arnott, and D. Pennica
WISP-1 Binds to Decorin and Biglycan
J. Biol. Chem., December 7, 2001; 276(50): 47599 - 47607.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
F.-Z. Wang, S. M. Akula, N. P. Pramod, L. Zeng, and B. Chandran
Human Herpesvirus 8 Envelope Glycoprotein K8.1A Interaction with the Target Cells Involves Heparan Sulfate
J. Virol., August 15, 2001; 75(16): 7517 - 7527.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
C. W. Mandl, H. Kroschewski, S. L. Allison, R. Kofler, H. Holzmann, T. Meixner, and F. X. Heinz
Adaptation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus to BHK-21 Cells Results in the Formation of Multiple Heparan Sulfate Binding Sites in the Envelope Protein and Attenuation In Vivo
J. Virol., June 15, 2001; 75(12): 5627 - 5637.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 J. Virol.Home page
F. Penin, C. Combet, G. Germanidis, P.-O. Frainais, G. Deléage, and J.-M. Pawlotsky
Conservation of the Conformation and Positive Charges of Hepatitis C Virus E2 Envelope Glycoprotein Hypervariable Region 1 Points to a Role in Cell Attachment
J. Virol., June 15, 2001; 75(12): 5703 - 5710.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
D. V. Sakharov, A. F. H. Jie, M. E. A. Bekkers, J. J. Emeis, and D. C. Rijken
Polylysine as a Vehicle for Extracellular Matrix-Targeted Local Drug Delivery, Providing High Accumulation and Long-Term Retention Within the Vascular Wall
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2001; 21(6): 943 - 948.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
I. G. Goodfellow, A. B. Sioofy, R. M. Powell, and D. J. Evans
Echoviruses Bind Heparan Sulfate at the Cell Surface
J. Virol., May 15, 2001; 75(10): 4918 - 4921.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 J. Lipid Res.Home page
M. Y. Chang, S. Potter-Perigo, T. N. Wight, and A. Chait
Oxidized LDL bind to nonproteoglycan components of smooth muscle extracellular matrices
J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2001; 42(5): 824 - 833.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 GlycobiologyHome page
R. B. Dodd and K. Drickamer
Lectin-like proteins in model organisms: implications for evolution of carbohydrate-binding activity
Glycobiology, May 1, 2001; 11(5): 71R - 79R.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 GlycobiologyHome page
B. Mulloy and M. J. Forster
Conformation and dynamics of heparin and heparan sulfate
Glycobiology, November 1, 2000; 10(11): 1147 - 1156.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
M. M. Hulst, H. G. P. van Gennip, and R. J. M. Moormann
Passage of Classical Swine Fever Virus in Cultured Swine Kidney Cells Selects Virus Variants That Bind to Heparan Sulfate due to a Single Amino Acid Change in Envelope Protein Erns
J. Virol., October 15, 2000; 74(20): 9553 - 9561.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 BloodHome page
S. Salek-Ardakani, J. R. Arrand, D. Shaw, and M. Mackett
Heparin and heparan sulfate bind interleukin-10 and modulate its activity
Blood, September 1, 2000; 96(5): 1879 - 1888.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
S. A. Feldman, S. Audet, and J. A. Beeler
The Fusion Glycoprotein of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Facilitates Virus Attachment and Infectivity via an Interaction with Cellular Heparan Sulfate
J. Virol., July 15, 2000; 74(14): 6442 - 6447.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 JEMHome page
Q. Chen, A. Heddini, A. Barragan, V. Fernandez, S. F. A. Pearce, and M. Wahlgren
The Semiconserved Head Structure of Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 Mediates Binding to Multiple Independent Host Receptors
J. Exp. Med., July 3, 2000; 192(1): 1 - 10.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Clin. Microbiol. Rev.Home page
Q. Chen, M. Schlichtherle, and M. Wahlgren
Molecular Aspects of Severe Malaria
Clin. Microbiol. Rev., July 1, 2000; 13(3): 439 - 450.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Infect. Immun.Home page
N. M. O'Brien-Simpson, R. A. Paolini, and E. C. Reynolds
RgpA-Kgp Peptide-Based Immunogens Provide Protection against Porphyromonas gingivalis Challenge in a Murine Lesion Model
Infect. Immun., July 1, 2000; 68(7): 4055 - 4063.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
S. A. Smith, N. P. Mullin, J. Parkinson, S. N. Shchelkunov, A. V. Totmenin, V. N. Loparev, R. Srisatjaluk, D. N. Reynolds, K. L. Keeling, D. E. Justus, et al.
Conserved Surface-Exposed K/R-X-K/R Motifs and Net Positive Charge on Poxvirus Complement Control Proteins Serve as Putative Heparin Binding Sites and Contribute to Inhibition of Molecular Interactions with Human Endothelial Cells: a Novel Mechanism for Evasion of Host Defense
J. Virol., June 15, 2000; 74(12): 5659 - 5666.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Biol. Reprod.Home page
R.D. Moreno and C. Barros
A Basic 18-Amino Acid Peptide Contains the Polysulfate-Binding Domain Responsible for Activation of the Boar Proacrosin/Acrosin System
Biol Reprod, June 1, 2000; 62(6): 1536 - 1542.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 BloodHome page
A. Barragan, V. Fernandez, Q. Chen, A. von Euler, M. Wahlgren, and D. Spillmann
The Duffy-binding-like domain 1 of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is a heparan sulfate ligand that requires 12 mers for binding
Blood, June 1, 2000; 95(11): 3594 - 3599.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
D. Skrincosky, P. Hocknell, L. Whetter, P. Secchiero, B. Chandran, and S. Dewhurst
Identification and Analysis of a Novel Heparin-Binding Glycoprotein Encoded by Human Herpesvirus 7
J. Virol., May 15, 2000; 74(10): 4530 - 4540.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
K. Pethe, M. Aumercier, E. Fort, C. Gatot, C. Locht, and F. D. Menozzi
Characterization of the Heparin-binding Site of the Mycobacterial Heparin-binding Hemagglutinin Adhesin
J. Biol. Chem., May 5, 2000; 275(19): 14273 - 14280.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 GlycobiologyHome page
L. A. Dempsey, T. B. Plummer, S. L. Coombes, and J. L. Platt
Heparanase expression in invasive trophoblasts and acute vascular damage
Glycobiology, May 1, 2000; 10(5): 467 - 475.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
C.-L. Lin, C.-S. Chung, H. G. Heine, and W. Chang
Vaccinia Virus Envelope H3L Protein Binds to Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate and Is Important for Intracellular Mature Virion Morphogenesis and Virus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo
J. Virol., April 1, 2000; 74(7): 3353 - 3365.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Verrecchio, M. W. Germann, B. P. Schick, B. Kung, T. Twardowski, and J. D. San Antonio
Design of Peptides with High Affinities for Heparin and Endothelial Cell Proteoglycans
J. Biol. Chem., March 10, 2000; 275(11): 7701 - 7707.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
B. T. Ober, B. Teufel, K.-H. Wiesmüller, G. Jung, E. Pfaff, A. Saalmüller, and H.-J. Rziha
The Porcine Humoral Immune Response against Pseudorabies Virus Specifically Targets Attachment Sites on Glycoprotein gC
J. Virol., February 15, 2000; 74(4): 1752 - 1760.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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