Inhibition of low density lipoprotein synthesis by dietary omega-3 fatty acids in humans

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Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1984;4:270-275

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ARTICLES

Inhibition of low density lipoprotein synthesis by dietary omega-3 fatty acids in humans

DR Illingworth, WS Harris and WE Connor

Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oils lower the plasma concentrations of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins in humans. The present study was designed to examine the mechanism(s) by which diets enriched in omega-3 fatty acids reduce plasma LDL cholesterol levels in normal subjects. Seven healthy volunteers with normal plasma lipid levels consumed two metabolically controlled diets for a period of 4 weeks each. The control diet contained predominantly saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, whereas the fish-oil diet contained 24 gm of omega-3 fatty acids per day. The total fat and cholesterol content of the two diets were similar for each subject. Total and LDL cholesterol levels decreased from 162 +/- 26 mg/dl and 103 +/- 27 mg/dl on the control diet to 124 +/- 26 mg/dl and 82 +/- 27 mg/dl on the omega-3-rich diet. Triglyceride levels fell from 91 +/- 34 mg/dl to 52 +/- 19 mg/dl. Kinetic studies of 125I-LDL metabolism disclosed a significantly lower rate of synthesis of LDL apoprotein B on the omega-3-rich diet (9.5 +/- 1.3 mg/kg/day) as compared to the control diet (13.6 +/- 3.7 mg/kg/day; p less than 0.05). In contrast, the fractional catabolic rate was similar on both diets. We conclude that dietary omega-3 fatty acids lower plasma LDL levels in normal human subjects by reducing the rate of synthesis of apoprotein B.

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				P. J Nestel Fish oil and cardiovascular disease: lipids and arterial function Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2000; 71(1): 228S - 231S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M. Innis and R. Dyer Dietary Triacylglycerols with Palmitic Acid (16:0) in the 2-Position Increase 16:0 in the 2-Position of Plasma and Chylomicron Triacylglycerols, but Reduce Phospholipid Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids, and Alter Cholesteryl Ester Metabolism in Formula-Fed Piglets J. Nutr., July 1, 1997; 127(7): 1311 - 1319. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. Abdel-Gayoum, A. Bashir, and M. El-Fakhri Effects of fish oil and sunflower oil supplementations on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat Human and Experimental Toxicology, November 1, 1995; 14(11): 884 - 888. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. Deck and K. Radack Effects of Modest Doses of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Hypertriglyceridemic Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial Arch Intern Med, August 1, 1989; 149(8): 1857 - 1862. [Abstract] [PDF]

				W. S. Harris, C. A. Dujovne, M. Zucker, and B. Johnson Effects of a Low Saturated Fat, Low Cholesterol Fish Oil Supplement in Hypertriglyceridemic Patients: A Placebo-Controlled Trial Ann Intern Med, September 15, 1988; 109(6): 465 - 470. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Z. Yetiv Clinical Applications of Fish Oils JAMA, August 5, 1988; 260(5): 665 - 670. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. VON SCHACKY Prophylaxis of Atherosclerosis with Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Comprehensive Strategy Ann Intern Med, December 1, 1987; 107(6): 890 - 899. [Abstract] [PDF]