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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2009;29:992.)
© 2009 American Heart Association, Inc.

Brief Reviews

Nanotechnology in Medical Imaging

Probe Design and Applications

David P. Cormode; Torjus Skajaa; Zahi A. Fayad; Willem J.M. Mulder

From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (D.P.C., T.S., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; and the Faculty of Health Sciences (T.S.), Århus University, Denmark.

Correspondence to Willem J.M. Mulder, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY 10029. E-mail Willem.Mulder{at}Mountsinai.org

Series Editor: Zahi Fayad
ATVB In Focus

Molecular Imaging of Cardiovascular Disease

Nanoparticles have become more and more prevalent in reports of novel contrast agents, especially for molecular imaging, the detection of cellular processes. The advantages of nanoparticles include their potency to generate contrast, the ease of integrating multiple properties, lengthy circulation times, and the possibility to include high payloads. As the chemistry of nanoparticles has improved over the past years, more sophisticated examples of nano-sized contrast agents have been reported, such as paramagnetic, macrophage targeted quantum dots or _vβ₃-targeted, MRI visible microemulsions that also carry a drug to suppress angiogenesis. The use of these particles is producing greater knowledge of disease processes and the effects of therapy. Along with their excellent properties, nanoparticles may produce significant toxicity, which must be minimized for (clinical) application. In this review we discuss the different factors that are considered when designing a nanoparticle probe and highlight some of the most advanced examples.

Nanoparticles are a crucial part of the next generation of contrast agents for medical imaging. Herein we discuss the different aspects of nanoparticle probe design and highlight some of the most advanced examples.

Key Words: nanotechnology • molecular imaging • magnetic resonance imaging • drug delivery • gene therapy

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