Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2004;24:1442-1447
Published online before print June 10, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000135655.52088.c5
Published online before print June 10, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000135655.52088.c5
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© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.
Vascular Biology |
Smoking Cessation Rapidly Increases Circulating Progenitor Cells in Peripheral Blood in Chronic Smokers
From the Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Correspondence to Dr Takahisa Kondo, Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. E-mail takahisa{at}med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Objective— Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to postnatal angiogenesis. The number of circulating EPCs has an inverse correlation with coronary risk scores. However, the effect of smoking on the number of circulating EPCs is not well-known.
Methods and Results— We examined the effects of chronic smoking and of smoking cessation on EPC levels. Circulating EPCs were quantified by flow cytometry as CD45lowCD34+CD133+ (progenitor cells [PCs]) or CD45lowCD34+CD133+VEGFR2+ (EPCs) in 14 nonsmokers and in 15 smokers. All smokers quit smoking. Eight quit smoking with nicotine patch and 7 without nicotine patch. PC/EPC levels were inversely correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked. Circulating PCs/EPCs increased rapidly after cessation (P<0.0001) and decreased again after resumption of smoking to the level similar to that before cessation (P=0.0031). The magnitude of increase in EPCs was greater in light smokers than in heavy smokers.
Conclusions— The number of circulating PCs/EPCs was reduced in chronic smokers. Smoking cessation led to a rapid restoration of PC/EPC levels. The recovery of EPC levels was greater in light smokers than in heavy smokers. The decreased number of circulating EPCs would make smokers susceptible to cardiovascular disease, and even short-time cessation of smoking may be an effective means to reduce cardiovascular risk.
We examined the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) levels. Circulating EPCs were quantified by flow cytometry using cell surface markers CD45lowCD34+CD133+VEGFR2+. The EPC levels decreased as the cigarette consumption increased. EPCs increased rapidly after cessation and decreased again after resumption of smoking.
Key Words: smoking cessation • endothelial progenitor cells • CD34 • CD133 • VEGFR2
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