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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2004;24:2014.)
© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.

Brief Reviews

Id Family of Transcription Factors and Vascular Lesion Formation

Scott Forrest; Coleen McNamara

From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.

Correspondence to Coleen McNamara, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22901. E-mail cam8c{at}virginia.edu

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) modulation to a de-differentiated phenotype and proliferation are key components of vascular lesion formation. Understanding how these processes are regulated is essential to understanding the progression of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and in-stent restenosis. The Id family of helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors has emerged as important regulators of cellular growth and differentiation. Recent published findings have implicated the Id proteins as important regulators of growth and phenotypic modulation in VSMC and in the vascular response to injury. In this review, we summarize what is known regarding how the Id proteins function to control cellular growth and differentiation and their role in vascular lesion formation.

The Id family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors has recently been implicated as regulators of growth and phenotypic modulation in VSMC and in the vascular response to injury. We summarize what is known about the functional role of Id proteins in controlling cellular growth and differentiation and vascular lesion formation.

Key Words: helix-loop-helix motifs • muscle, smooth, vascular • proliferation • differentiation

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