This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 23/7/1231    most recent 01.ATV.0000075913.00428.FDv1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Jankowski, J. Articles by Schlüter, H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Jankowski, J. Articles by Schlüter, H. Related Collections Other Vascular biology Pathophysiology Risk Factors Hypertension - basic studies

(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2003;23:1231.)
© 2003 American Heart Association, Inc.

Vascular Biology

Identification and Quantification of Diadenosine Polyphosphate Concentrations in Human Plasma

Joachim Jankowski; Vera Jankowski; Udo Laufer; Markus van der Giet; Lars Henning; Martin Tepel; Walter Zidek; Hartmut Schlüter

From the Medizinische Klinik IV (J.J., J.V., M.v.d.G., L.H., M.T., W.Z., H.S.), Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; and Klink für Radiologische Diagnostik und Nuklearmedizin (U.L.), Univ.-Klink Marienhospital, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Germany.

Correspondence to Dr. H. Schlüter, Medizinische Klinik IV, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany. E-mail Hschluet{at}zedeat.fu-berlin.de

Objective— Diadenosine polyphosphates have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. In this study we investigated the question of whether diadenosine polyphosphates are present in human plasma and whether a potential source can be identified that may release diadenosine polyphosphates into the circulation.

Methods and Results— Plasma diadenosine polyphosphates (Ap_nA with n=3 to 6) were purified to homogeneity by affinity-, anion exchange-, and reversed phase-chromatography from deproteinized human plasma. Analysis of the homogeneous fractions with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) revealed molecular masses ([M+H]⁺) of 757, 837, 917, and 997 d. Comparison of the postsource decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry mass spectra of these fractions with those of authentic diadenosine polyphosphates revealed that these isolated substances were identical to Ap₃A, Ap₄A, Ap₅A, and Ap₆A. Enzymatic analysis showed an interconnection of the phosphate groups with the adenosines in the 5'-positions of the ribose moieties. The mean total plasma diadenosine polyphosphate concentrations (µmol/L; mean ± SEM) in cubital veins of normotensive subjects amounted to 0.89±0.59 for Ap₃A, 0.72±0.72 for Ap₄A, 0.33±0.24 for Ap₅A, and 0.18±0.18 for Ap₆A. Cubital venous plasma diadenosine polyphosphate concentrations from normotensives did not differ significantly from those in the hypertensive patients studied. There was no significant difference between arterial and venous diadenosine polyphosphate plasma concentrations in 5 hemodialysis patients, making a significant degradation by capillary endothelial cells unlikely. Free plasma diadenosine polyphosphate concentrations are considerably lower than total plasma concentrations because approximately 95% of the plasma diadenosine polyphosphates were bound to proteins. There were no significant differences in the diadenosine polyphosphate plasma concentrations depending on the method of blood sampling and anticoagulation, suggesting that platelet aggregation does not artificially contribute to plasma diadenosine polyphosphate levels in significant amounts.

The Ap_nA (with n=3 to 6) total plasma concentrations in adrenal veins were significantly higher than the plasma concentrations in both infrarenal and suprarenal vena cava: adrenal veins: Ap₃A, 4.05±1.63; Ap₄A, 6.18±2.08; Ap₅A, 0.53±0.28; Ap₆A, 0.59±0.31; infrarenal vena cava: Ap₃A, 1.25±0.66; Ap₄A, 0.91±0.54; Ap₅A, 0.25±0.12; Ap₆A, 0.11±0.06; suprarenal vena cava: Ap₃A, 1.40±0.91; Ap₄A, 1.84±1.20; Ap₅A, 0.33±0.13; Ap₆A, 0.11±0.07 (µmol/L; mean ± SEM; each P<0.05 (concentration of adrenal veins versus infrarenal or suprarenal veins, respectively).

Conclusion— The presence of diadenosine polyphosphates in physiologically relevant concentrations in human plasma was demonstrated. Because in adrenal venous plasma significantly higher diadenosine polyphosphate concentrations were measured than in plasma from the infrarenal and suprarenal vena cava, it can be assumed that, beside platelets, the adrenal medulla may be a source of plasma diadenosine polyphosphates in humans.

Key Words: diadenosine polyphosphates • plasma • human adrenal medulla

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. Vanholder, U. Baurmeister, P. Brunet, G. Cohen, G. Glorieux, J. Jankowski, and for the European Uremic Toxin Work Group A Bench to Bedside View of Uremic Toxins J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2008; 19(5): 863 - 870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Vanholder, S. V. Laecke, F. Verbeke, G. Glorieux, and W. V. Biesen Uraemic toxins and cardiovascular disease: in vitro research versus clinical outcome studies NDT Plus, February 1, 2008; 1(1): 2 - 10. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Luo, V. Jankowski, N. Gungar, J. Neumann, W. Schmitz, W. Zidek, H. Schluter, and J. Jankowski Endogenous Diadenosine Tetraphosphate, Diadenosine Pentaphosphate, and Diadenosine Hexaphosphate in Human Myocardial Tissue Hypertension, May 1, 2004; 43(5): 1055 - 1059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]