Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2003;23:554-566
Published online before print February 6, 2003, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000060460.52916.D6
Published online before print February 6, 2003, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000060460.52916.D6
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© 2003 American Heart Association, Inc.
ATVB In Focus |
Noninvasive Assessment of Arterial Stiffness and Risk of Atherosclerotic Events
From the Clinical Pharmacology Unit and Research Centre, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Correspondence to James Oliver, Clinical Pharmacology Unit and Research Centre, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK. E-mail James.Oliver{at}ed.ac.uk
William Haynes Previous Brief Reviews in this Series:
Choudhury RP, Fuster V, Badimon JJ, Fisher EA, Fayad ZA. MRI and characterization of atherosclerotic plaque: emerging applications and molecular imaging. 2002;22:1065–1074.
Bonetti PO, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Endothelial dysfunction: a marker of atherosclerotic risk. 2003;23:168–175.
Abstract
Investigation of arterial stiffness, especially of the large arteries, has gathered pace in recent years with the development of readily available noninvasive assessment techniques. These include the measurement of pulse wave velocity, the use of ultrasound to relate the change in diameter or area of an artery to distending pressure, and analysis of arterial waveforms obtained by applanation tonometry. Here, we describe each of these techniques and their limitations and discuss how the measured parameters relate to established cardiovascular risk factors and clinical outcome. We also consider which techniques might be most appropriate for wider clinical application. Finally, the effects of current and future cardiovascular drugs on arterial stiffness are also discussed, as is the relationship between arterial elasticity and endothelial function.
Key Words: arterial stiffness • noninvasive assessment • endothelial function • cardiovascular risk stratification • pulse wave analysis
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