Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2003;23:168-175
Published online before print December 12, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000051384.43104.FC
Published online before print December 12, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000051384.43104.FC
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© 2003 American Heart Association, Inc.
ATVB In Focus |
Endothelial Dysfunction
A Marker of Atherosclerotic Risk
From the Center for Coronary Physiology and Imaging (P.O.B., A.L.), Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, and the Division of Hypertension (L.A.L.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minn.
Correspondence to Amir Lerman, MD, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905. E-mail lerman.amir{at}mayo.edu
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a systemic disorder and a key variable in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications. Current evidence suggests that endothelial status is not determined solely by the individual risk factor burden but rather, may be regarded as an integrated index of all atherogenic and atheroprotective factors present in an individual, including known as well as yet-unknown variables and genetic predisposition. Endothelial dysfunction reflects a vascular phenotype prone to atherogenesis and may therefore serve as a marker of the inherent atherosclerotic risk in an individual. In line with this hypothesis, dysfunction of either the coronary or peripheral vascular endothelium was shown to constitute an independent predictor of cardiovascular events, providing valuable prognostic information additional to that derived from conventional risk factor assessment. Interventions like risk factor modification and treatment with various drugs, including statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, may improve endothelial function and thereby, potentially prognosis. Hence, given its reversibility and granted the availability of a diagnostic tool to identify patients at risk and to control the efficacy of therapy in clinical practice, endothelial dysfunction may be an attractive primary target in the effort to optimize individualized therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Key Words: endothelial dysfunction • atherosclerosis • risk factor • cardiovascular event • prognosis
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P.-H. Huang, L.-C. Chen, H.-B. Leu, P. Y.-A. Ding, J.-W. Chen, T.-C. Wu, and S.-J. Lin Enhanced Coronary Calcification Determined by Electron Beam CT Is Strongly Related to Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease Chest, August 1, 2005; 128(2): 810 - 815. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Mittermayer, G. Schaller, J. Pleiner, A. Vychytil, G. Sunder-Plassmann, W. H. Horl, and M. Wolzt Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine Plasma Concentrations Are Related to Basal Nitric Oxide Release but Not Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation of Resistance Arteries in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2005; 16(6): 1832 - 1838. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Koga, S. Sugiyama, K. Kugiyama, K. Watanabe, H. Fukushima, T. Tanaka, T. Sakamoto, M. Yoshimura, H. Jinnouchi, and H. Ogawa Elevated Levels of VE-Cadherin-Positive Endothelial Microparticles in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 17, 2005; 45(10): 1622 - 1630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. H. Schindler, E. U. Nitzsche, H. R. Schelbert, M. Olschewski, J. Sayre, M. Mix, I. Brink, X.-L. Zhang, M. Kreissl, N. Magosaki, et al. Positron Emission Tomography-Measured Abnormal Responses of Myocardial Blood Flow to Sympathetic Stimulation Are Associated With the Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Events J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 3, 2005; 45(9): 1505 - 1512. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Sciacqua, A. Scozzafava, A. Pujia, R. Maio, F. Borrello, F. Andreozzi, M. Vatrano, S. Cassano, M. Perticone, G. Sesti, et al. Interaction between vascular dysfunction and cardiac mass increases the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in essential hypertension Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2005; 26(9): 921 - 927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. S. Goligorsky Endothelial cell dysfunction: can't live with it, how to live without it Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2005; 288(5): F871 - F880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A.M.W. Spijkerman, Y.M. Smulders, P.J. Kostense, R.M.A. Henry, A. Becker, T. Teerlink, C. Jakobs, J.M. Dekker, G. Nijpels, R.J. Heine, et al. S-Adenosylmethionine and 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate Are Associated With Endothelial Function After Controlling for Confounding by Homocysteine: The Hoorn Study Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2005; 25(4): 778 - 784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Lavie, L. Lavie, and P. Herer All-cause mortality in males with sleep apnoea syndrome: declining mortality rates with age Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2005; 25(3): 514 - 520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. M. Caples, A. S. Gami, and V. K. Somers Obstructive Sleep Apnea Ann Intern Med, February 1, 2005; 142(3): 187 - 197. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Juonala, J. S.A. Viikari, M. Kahonen, L. Taittonen, T. Ronnemaa, T. Laitinen, N. Maki-Torkko, V. Mikkila, L. Rasanen, H. K. Akerblom, et al. Geographic Origin as a Determinant of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., February 1, 2005; 25(2): 392 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. P. Didion, C. M. Lynch, G. L. Baumbach, and F. M. Faraci Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Responses and Enhanced Influence of Rho-Kinase in Cerebral Arterioles in Type II Diabetes Stroke, February 1, 2005; 36(2): 342 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Lerman and A. M. Zeiher Endothelial Function: Cardiac Events Circulation, January 25, 2005; 111(3): 363 - 368. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Terashima, C. H. Meyer, B. G. Keeffe, E. J. Putz, E. de la Pena-Almaguer, P. C. Yang, B. S. Hu, D. G. Nishimura, and M. V. McConnell Noninvasive assessment of coronary vasodilation using magnetic resonance angiography J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 4, 2005; 45(1): 104 - 110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Lerman Restenosis: Another "Dysfunction" of the Endothelium Circulation, January 4, 2005; 111(1): 8 - 10. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. Ekmekci, O. B. Ekmekci, H. Sonmez, Z. Ozturk, N. Domanic, and E. Kokoglu Evaluation of Fibronectin, Vitronectin, and Leptin Levels in Coronary Artery Disease: Impacts on Thrombosis and Thrombolysis Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, January 1, 2005; 11(1): 63 - 70. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 M-H Gaugler A unifying system: does the vascular endothelium have a role to play in multi-organ failure following radiation exposure? Br. J. Radiol., January 1, 2005; Supplement_27(1): 100 - 105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M.R. Gill, A. Al-Mamari, W. R. Ferrell, S. J. Cleland, C. J. Packard, N. Sattar, J. R. Petrie, and M. J. Caslake Effects of prior moderate exercise on postprandial metabolism and vascular function in lean and centrally obese men J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 21, 2004; 44(12): 2375 - 2382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. J. Haller, M. Samyn, W. W. Nichols, T. Brusko, C. Wasserfall, R. F. Schwartz, M. Atkinson, J. J. Shuster, G. L. Pierce, and J. H. Silverstein Radial Artery Tonometry Demonstrates Arterial Stiffness in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes Care, December 1, 2004; 27(12): 2911 - 2917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. C. Halligan, B. Murtagh, R. J. Lennon, G. M. Pumper, V. Mathew, S. T. Higano, and A. Lerman Effect of Long-term Hormone Replacement Therapy on Coronary Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Women Mayo Clin. Proc., December 1, 2004; 79(12): 1514 - 1520. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. Juonala, J. S.A. Viikari, T. Laitinen, J. Marniemi, H. Helenius, T. Ronnemaa, and O. T. Raitakari Interrelations Between Brachial Endothelial Function and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Young Adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study Circulation, November 2, 2004; 110(18): 2918 - 2923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Krotz, H.-Y. Sohn, and U. Pohl Reactive Oxygen Species: Players in the Platelet Game Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2004; 24(11): 1988 - 1996. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Orio Jr., S. Palomba, T. Cascella, B. De Simone, S. Di Biase, T. Russo, D. Labella, F. Zullo, G. Lombardi, and A. Colao Early Impairment of Endothelial Structure and Function in Young Normal-Weight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2004; 89(9): 4588 - 4593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Yokoyama and N. Inoue How Vascular NAD(P)H Oxidase Activity and Nox Isoform Expression are Regulated Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., September 1, 2004; 24(9): 1540 - 1541. [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. J. Guzik, J. Sadowski, B. Kapelak, A. Jopek, P. Rudzinski, R. Pillai, R. Korbut, and K. M. Channon Systemic Regulation of Vascular NAD(P)H Oxidase Activity and Nox Isoform Expression in Human Arteries and Veins Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., September 1, 2004; 24(9): 1614 - 1620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Khan, V. Dekou, M. Hanson, L. Poston, and P. Taylor Predictive Adaptive Responses to Maternal High-Fat Diet Prevent Endothelial Dysfunction but Not Hypertension in Adult Rat Offspring Circulation, August 31, 2004; 110(9): 1097 - 1102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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