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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2002;22:1334.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Coronary Flow Velocity and Disturbed Flow Predict Adverse Clinical Outcome After Coronary Angioplasty

Scott Kinlay; Jasmine Grewal; Deborah Manuelin; James C. Fang; Andrew P. Selwyn; John A. Bittl; Peter Ganz

From the Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass.

Reprint requests to Scott Kinlay, MBBS, PhD, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail skinlay{at}massmed.org

Objective— Laminar flow becomes disturbed at high velocities, reducing shear stress and augmenting vascular inflammation and proliferation, processes that are pivotal in restenosis and atherogenesis. We hypothesized that disturbed blood flow after coronary angioplasty is associated with adverse long-term clinical outcome.

Methods and Results— The cineangiograms from 97 patients undergoing laser-assisted coronary angioplasty were analyzed. Coronary blood flow velocity, the residual lesion dimensions, and the Reynolds number (an index of disturbed flow) were measured by using a frame-counting technique and quantitative coronary angiography. Cox proportional hazards were used to assess the relative risk of adverse events (target-vessel revascularization, myocardial infarction, or death) over a mean 2.5 years after the index procedure. There were 41 adverse events during 245 patient years of follow-up (17% per year of follow-up). The risk of an adverse event was increased for patients with a high flow velocity (>250 mm/s; relative risk 2.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.7) or a high Reynolds number (>200) at the stenosis inlet (relative risk 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.1) at the end of the procedure. Adjustment for other factors did not alter these results.

Conclusions— High Reynolds numbers, indicating disturbed blood flow after coronary angioplasty, increase the risk of adverse clinical events, potentially through shear-stress–related molecular mechanisms that promote restenosis and atherogenesis.

Key Words: disturbed coronary flow • Reynolds number • outcomes • angioplasty

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