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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2002;22:1329.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Vitamin C and E Intake Is Associated With Increased Paraoxonase Activity

Gail P. Jarvik; Nancey Trevanian Tsai; Laura A. McKinstry; Roohi Wani; Victoria H. Brophy; Rebecca J. Richter; Gerard D. Schellenberg; Patrick J. Heagerty; Thomas S. Hatsukami; Clement E. Furlong

From the Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics (G.P.J., L.A.M., R.W., V.H.B., R.J.R., C.E.F.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (G.P.J.), Neurology (G.D.S.), Genomic Sciences (G.P.J., C.E.F.), and Biostatistics (P.J.H.), University of Washington, and the Puget Sound Veterans Affairs Health Care Systems (N.T.T., L.A.M., R.W., G.D.S., T.S.H.), Seattle, Wash.

Reprint requests to Gail P. Jarvik, MD, PhD, University of Washington Medical Center, Division of Medical Genetics, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail pair{at}u.washington.edu

Objective— Paraoxonase (PON1), an esterase physically associated with high density lipoprotein, has been shown to inhibit atherogenic low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein oxidation. PON1 activity appears to be primarily under genetic control with some environmental modification and is a predictor of vascular disease. Vitamins C and E, dietary antioxidants, scavenge free-oxygen radical products that may depress PON1 activity. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between dietary vitamin C and E intake and PON1 activity.

Methods and Results— The vitamin C and E intakes of male white subjects (n=189) were estimated by using a standardized food frequency survey. With covariates, vitamin C or E intakes were found to be significant positive predictors of PON1 activity for the hydrolysis of paraoxon and diazoxon with the use of linear regression. Smoking and use of statins were independent predictors of PON1 activity.

Conclusions— PON1 activity, which is primarily genotype dependent, varies with antioxidant vitamins, cigarette smoking, and statin drug use. Because PON1 activity is a better predictor of vascular disease than is the currently described genetic variation in PON1, further studies of the environmental influences on PON1 activity and additional PON1 genetic variants are warranted.

Key Words: antioxidants • genetics • vitamins • paraoxonase • smoking

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