doi: 10.1161/hq0801.093658
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Vascular Biology |
Local Gene Transfer of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 Influences Vein Graft Remodeling in a Mouse Model
From the Institute for General and Experimental Pathology, University of Innsbruck Medical School (Y.H.), and the Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (Y.Z., Q.X.), Innsbruck, Austria; the Bristol Heart Institute (A.H.B., A.C.N.), Bristol, UK; and the Department of Cardiological Sciences, St George’s Hospital Medical School (Q.X.), London, UK.
Correspondence to Prof Qingbo Xu, Department of Cardiological Sciences, St George’s Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK. E-mail q.xu{at}sghms.ac.uk
Abstract—— Recently, we established a new mouse model of vein graft arteriosclerosis by grafting vena cava to carotid arteries. In many respects, the morphological features of this murine vascular graft model resemble those of human venous bypass graft disease. Using this model, we studied the effects of local gene transfer of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) on vein graft remodeling. Mouse isogeneic vessels of the vena caval veins were grafted end to end into carotid arteries, then enveloped with the replication-defective recombinant adenoviruses overexpressing human TIMP-2 (RAdTIMP-2) or ß-galactosidase (RAdLacZ) at 1x1010 plaque-forming units/mL in a total volume of 50 µL, and incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes. In the untreated group, vessel wall thickening was observed as early as 1 week after surgery and progressed to 4- to 10-fold the original thickness in grafted veins at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. RAdLacZ vector treatment significantly enhanced neointimal lesions at 8 weeks, which was completely blocked by RAdTIMP-2 gene overexpression. Interestingly, RAdTIMP-2 gene transfer resulted in a reduction in vessel diameter of grafted veins compared with ungrafted veins (819±96 versus 624±67 µm, respectively; P<0.05). Maximal ß-galactosidase activity was found at 2 weeks and was detectable until 4 weeks after gene transfer. Double immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that cells overexpressing TIMP-2 were mostly localized in the adventitia and were MAC-1-positive monocytes/macrophages but not smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, the activity of matrix metalloproteinases was markedly decreased in the vessel walls treated with RAdTIMP-2 compared with that in the untreated control group and the RAdLacZ-treated group. Thus, this mouse model has been proven to be useful in gene transfer studies. Our findings demonstrate that local TIMP-2 gene transfer significantly reduces vein graft diameter, ie, remodeling to an artery-like vessel via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity.
Key Words: vein grafts • gene transfer • tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 • matrix metalloproteinases • mouse model
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