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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2001;21:752.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.

Vascular Biology

Vascular Injury Induces Posttranscriptional Regulation of the Id3 Gene

Cloning of a Novel Id3 Isoform Expressed During Vascular Lesion Formation in Rat and Human Atherosclerosis

Martin E. Matsumura; Feng Li; Lionel Berthoux; Beiyang Wei; David R. Lobe; Cathy Jeon; Coleen A. McNamara

From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville.

Correspondence to Dr Coleen A. McNamara, Cardiovascular Division, MR-4 Room 6022, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville VA 22908. E-mail cam8c{at}virginia.edu

Abstract—The molecular mechanisms that regulate the proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the vasculature in response to injury are poorly understood. Members of the inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) class of helix-loop-helix transcription factors are known to regulate the growth of a variety of cell types; however, the expression of the various Id genes in SMCs and in vascular lesions has not been examined. In the present study, the yeast 2-hybrid system was used to clone Id genes from a cultured rat aortic SMC library. By use of ubiquitous E proteins as bait, Id3 and a novel isoform of Id3 (Id3a) were cloned. Id3a is the product of alternative splicing of the Id3 gene, resulting in inclusion of a 115-bp "coding intron," which encodes a unique 29–amino acid carboxyl terminus for the Id3a protein. Unlike Id3, Id3a mRNA was not detected in the normal rat carotid artery. However, after balloon injury, Id3a was abundantly expressed throughout the neointimal layer. In addition, mRNA of the human homologue of Id3a (Id3L) was detected in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of these Id3 isoforms in cultured rat aortic SMCs revealed that infection of SMCs with an adenovirus overexpressing Id3a (in contrast to Id3) resulted in a significant decrease in cell number versus AdLacZ-infected cells. DNA fragmentation analysis suggested that this decrease in SMC viability was due to increased apoptotic activity in cells infected with adenovirus overexpressing Id3a. These results provide evidence that alternative splicing of the Id3 gene may represent an important mechanism by which neointimal SMC growth is attenuated during vascular lesion formation.

Key Words: smooth muscle cells • helix-loop-helix factors • atherosclerosis • vascular injury • alternative splicing

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