doi: 10.1161/hq1201.100258
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins |
Consumption of Whole Grain and Legume Powder Reduces Insulin Demand, Lipid Peroxidation, and Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
From the Division of Cardiology (Y.J., H.Y.P.), Yonsei Cardiovascular Genome Center, College of Medicine, and the Department of Food and Nutrition (J.H.L., O.Y.K.), College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, and the R&D Center (S.Y.L.), Pulmuone Tech Co, Ltd, Seoul, Korea.
Correspondence to Jong Ho Lee, PhD, 120-749 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Sudaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea. E-mail jleeb{at}yonsei.ac.kr
Our objective was to evaluate whether isocaloric replacement of refined rice with whole grains and other plant products as a form of powder reduces coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, such as insulin demand and lipid peroxidation in CAD patients. Seventy-six male patients with CAD were randomly assigned to either a group ingesting a whole-grain meal daily or a control group for 16 weeks. In the whole-grain group, serum concentrations of glucose and insulin decreased by 24% and 14%, respectively, without altering body weight and energy intake, whereas daily intakes of fiber and vitamin E increased by 25% and 41%, respectively. Consumption of whole grains and legume powder in CAD patients without diabetes decreased fasting levels of glucose and insulin. The areas under the curve for insulin and glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test were also decreased. CAD patients with diabetes in the whole-grain group also showed reductions in fasting glucose and in the area under the curve for glucose. In the whole-grain group, plasma malondialdehyde and homocysteine and urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2
concentrations decreased by 
28%. Also, lipid-corrected concentrations of -carotene, retinol, tocopherols, and lycopene increased by 11% to 40%, and the percentage composition of n-6 fatty acids of serum phospholipid increased by 14% in the whole-grain group. The replacement of refined rice with whole grain and legume powder as a source of carbohydrate in a meal showed significant beneficial effects on glucose, insulin, and homocysteine concentrations and lipid peroxidation in CAD patients. These effects are likely to substantially reduce the risk factors for CAD and diabetes.
Key Words: whole grain and legume powder • insulin demand • malondialdehyde • homocysteine • 8-epi-prostaglandin F2
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