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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2000;20:1976.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based Method for Quantifying Recruitment of Monocytes to Mouse Atherosclerotic Lesions In Vivo

Enhancement by Tumor Necrosis Factor- and Interleukin-1ß

Chee-Jeong Kim; John C. Khoo; Kristin Gillotte-Taylor; Andrew Li; Wulf Palinski; Christopher K. Glass; Daniel Steinberg

From the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif. Dr Kim is now at the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence to Daniel Steinberg, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine 0682, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail dsteinberg{at}ucsd.edu

Abstract—The critical role of monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis has been appreciated for some time. However, until recently, there have been no sufficiently sensitive methods for measuring rates of monocyte recruitment to the arterial wall in vivo. We have developed a novel highly sensitive method, based on the polymerase chain reaction, for quantitatively tracking DNA-marked monocytes and have adapted it for use in mice. We use the uniquely male gene, Sry, on the Y chromosome as a gene marker. We transfuse monocytes from a male donor into a congenic female mouse, euthanize the mouse after 24 to 48 hours, and then quantify the arterial uptake of monocytes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This study describes the techniques used and their sensitivity and reproducibility and demonstrates the approach by assessing the effects of cytokines. In control low density lipoprotein receptor–negative mice, monocyte recruitment decreased slightly but significantly as lesions progressed. Intraperitoneal injection of a combination of tumor necrosis factor- and interleukin-1ß more than doubled the rate of monocyte recruitment into developing lesions. However, the response to the cytokines was much greater in younger mice with less advanced lesions than in older animals with more advanced lesions.

Key Words: tumor necrosis factor- • interleukin-1ß • monocytes • atherogenesis

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