© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins |
Race, Visceral Adipose Tissue, Plasma Lipids, and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in Men and Women
The Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training, and Genetics (HERITAGE) Family Study
From the Lipid Research Center (J.-P.D., C.C., J.B.), CHUQ Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada; the Division of Kinesiology (J.-P.D., J.G.), Laval University School of Medecine, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada; the School of Kinesiology and Leisure Studies (A.S.L.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Division of Biostatistics (D.C.R.), Washington University Medical School, St Louis, Mo; the Department of Kinesiology (J.S.S.), Indiana University, Bloomington; the Department of Health and Kinesiology (J.H.W.) Texas A&M University, College Station; and the Pennington Biomedical Research Center (C.B.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
Correspondence to Jean-Pierre Després, PhD, Scientific Director and Professor, Lipid Research Center, CHUQ Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, 2705, boulevard Laurier, Room TR-93, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2. E-mail Jean-Pierre.Despres{at}crchul.ulaval.ca
Abstract—Abdominal obesity is associated with numerous metabolic alterations, such as hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, compared with abdominally obese white individuals, abdominally obese black individuals have been characterized by higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels, suggesting that the impact of abdominal fat accumulation on the lipoprotein-lipid profile may differ among ethnic groups. Therefore, we have compared the associations between body fatness, visceral adipose tissue (AT) accumulation, and metabolic risk variables in a sample of 247 white men and 240 white women versus a sample of 93 black men and 143 black women. Although no difference in mean total body fatness was found between the 2 race groups, white men had higher levels of visceral AT than did black men (P<0.001). Despite the fact that black women had a greater body fat content than did white women, black women had levels of visceral AT that were similar to those of white women, suggesting a lower susceptibility to visceral obesity in black women. This lower accumulation of visceral AT in blacks was accompanied by significantly reduced apolipoprotein B concentrations and ratios of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol as well as higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels (P<0.05) compared with those values in whites. Irrespective of sex, higher postheparin plasma hepatic lipase (HL) and lower lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities were found in whites, resulting in an HL/LPL ratio that was twice as high in whites as in blacks (P<0.005). Although differences in lipoprotein-lipid levels were noted between whites and blacks, results from multiple regression analyses revealed that after control for morphometric and metabolic variables of the study (body fat mass, visceral AT, LPL, HL, and age), ethnicity had, per se, only a minor contribution to the variance in plasma lipoprotein levels. Thus, our results suggest that the higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels and the generally more cardioprotective plasma lipoprotein profile found in abdominally obese black versus white individuals are explained, at least to a certain extent, by a lower visceral AT deposition and a higher plasma LPL activity in black individuals.
Key Words: race • sex • visceral adipose tissue • lipase activities • lipoproteins
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