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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2000;20:416.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.

Vascular Biology

Fluid Flow Releases Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 From Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

David N. Rhoads; Suzanne G. Eskin; Larry V. McIntire

From the Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering (D.N.R., L.V.M.), Institute for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, and the Cell Biology Department (S.G.E.), Texas Biotechnology Corp, Houston, Tex.

Correspondence to Larry V. McIntire, PhD, Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, PO Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251.

Abstract—This study tested the hypothesis that fluid shear stress regulates the release of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 from human aortic smooth muscle cells. FGF-2 is a potent mitogen that is involved in the response to vascular injury and is expressed in a wide variety of cell types. FGF-2 is found in the cytoplasm of cells and outside cells, where it associates with extracellular proteoglycans. To test the hypothesis that shear stress regulates FGF-2 release, cells were exposed to flow, and FGF-2 amounts were measured from the conditioned medium, pericellular fraction (extracted by heparin treatment), and cell lysate. Results from the present study show that after 15 minutes of shear stress at 25 dyne/cm² in a parallel-plate flow system, a small but significant fraction (17%) of the total FGF-2 was released from human aortic smooth muscle cells. FGF-2 levels in the circulating medium increased 10-fold over medium from static controls (P<0.01). A 50% increase in FGF-2 content versus control (P<0.01) was found in the pericellular fraction (extracted by heparin treatment). Furthermore, a significant decrease in FGF-2 was detected in the cell lysate, indicating that FGF-2 was released from inside the cell. Cell permeability studies with fluorescent dextran were performed to examine whether transient membrane disruption caused FGF-2 release. Flow cytometry detected a 50% increase in mean fluorescence of cells exposed to 25 dyne/cm² versus control cells. This indicates that the observed FGF-2 release from human aortic smooth muscle cells is likely due to transient membrane disruption on initiation of flow.

Key Words: shear stress • fibroblast growth factor-2 • vascular smooth muscle

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