Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2000;20:2175-2183
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Review |
Modulation of Protein Kinase Activity and Gene Expression by Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Role in Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
From the Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
Correspondence to Kathy K. Griendling, PhD, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Dr, 319 WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322. E-mail kgriend{at}emory.edu
Abstract—Emerging evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species, especially superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are important signaling molecules in cardiovascular cells. Their production is regulated by hormone-sensitive enzymes such as the vascular NAD(P)H oxidases, and their metabolism is coordinated by antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Both of these reactive oxygen species serve as second messengers to activate multiple intracellular proteins and enzymes, including the epidermal growth factor receptor, c-Src, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Ras, and Akt/protein kinase B. Activation of these signaling cascades and redox-sensitive transcription factors leads to induction of many genes with important functional roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of vascular cells. Thus, reactive oxygen species participate in vascular smooth muscle cell growth and migration; modulation of endothelial function, including endothelium-dependent relaxation and expression of a proinflammatory phenotype; and modification of the extracellular matrix. All of these events play important roles in vascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, suggesting that the sources of reactive oxygen species and the signaling pathways that they modify may represent important therapeutic targets.
Key Words: reactive oxygen species • vascular smooth muscle • endothelial cells • hypertension • atherosclerosis
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M. Rahmani, J. T. Read, J. M. Carthy, P. C. McDonald, B. W. Wong, M. Esfandiarei, X. Si, Z. Luo, H. Luo, P. S. Rennie, et al. Regulation of the Versican Promoter by the {beta}-Catenin-T-cell Factor Complex in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells J. Biol. Chem., April 1, 2005; 280(13): 13019 - 13028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Tsuda, M. Iwai, J.-M. Li, H.-S. Li, L.-J. Min, A. Ide, M. Okumura, J. Suzuki, M. Mogi, H. Suzuki, et al. Inhibitory Effects of AT1 Receptor Blocker, Olmesartan, and Estrogen on Atherosclerosis Via Anti-Oxidative Stress Hypertension, April 1, 2005; 45(4): 545 - 551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. M. Touyz, C. Mercure, Y. He, D. Javeshghani, G. Yao, G. E. Callera, A. Yogi, N. Lochard, and T. L. Reudelhuber Angiotensin II-Dependent Chronic Hypertension and Cardiac Hypertrophy Are Unaffected by gp91phox-Containing NADPH Oxidase Hypertension, April 1, 2005; 45(4): 530 - 537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Djordjevic, R. S. BelAiba, S. Bonello, J. Pfeilschifter, J. Hess, and A. Gorlach Human Urotensin II Is a Novel Activator of NADPH Oxidase in Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., March 1, 2005; 25(3): 519 - 525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. E. Haskew-Layton, A. A. Mongin, and H. K. Kimelberg Hydrogen Peroxide Potentiates Volume-sensitive Excitatory Amino Acid Release via a Mechanism Involving Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II J. Biol. Chem., February 4, 2005; 280(5): 3548 - 3554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Houston, M. A. Julien, S. Parthasarathy, and E. L. Chaikof Oxidized linoleic acid regulates expression and shedding of syndecan-4 Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): C458 - C466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. M. Dourron, G. M. Jacobson, J. L. Park, J. Liu, D. J. Reddy, M. L. Scheel, and P. J. Pagano Perivascular gene transfer of NADPH oxidase inhibitor suppresses angioplasty-induced neointimal proliferation of rat carotid artery Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): H946 - H953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Lau, H. Mollnau, J. P. Eiserich, B. A. Freeman, A. Daiber, U. M. Gehling, J. Brummer, V. Rudolph, T. Munzel, T. Heitzer, et al. Myeloperoxidase mediates neutrophil activation by association with CD11b/CD18 integrins PNAS, January 11, 2005; 102(2): 431 - 436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. N. Bratz and N. L. Kanagy Nitric oxide synthase-inhibition hypertension is associated with altered endothelial cyclooxygenase function Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2004; 287(6): H2394 - H2401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J.-W. Chen, F.-Y. Lin, Y.-H. Chen, T.-C. Wu, Y.-L. Chen, and S.-J. Lin Carvedilol Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}-Induced Endothelial Transcription Factor Activation, Adhesion Molecule Expression, and Adhesiveness to Human Mononuclear Cells Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2004; 24(11): 2075 - 2081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Muscoli, I. Sacco, W. Alecce, E. Palma, R. Nistico, N. Costa, F. Clementi, D. Rotiroti, F. Romeo, D. Salvemini, et al. The Protective Effect of Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic M40401 on Balloon Injury-Related Neointima Formation: Role of the Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., October 1, 2004; 311(1): 44 - 50. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Stocker and J. F. Keaney Jr. Role of Oxidative Modifications in Atherosclerosis Physiol Rev, October 1, 2004; 84(4): 1381 - 1478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Liu, A. Ormsby, N. Oja-Tebbe, and P. J. Pagano Gene Transfer of NAD(P)H Oxidase Inhibitor to the Vascular Adventitia Attenuates Medial Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy Circ. Res., September 17, 2004; 95(6): 587 - 594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. M. Faraci and S. P. Didion Vascular Protection: Superoxide Dismutase Isoforms in the Vessel Wall Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 2004; 24(8): 1367 - 1373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. Cai, J. C. He, L. Zhu, M. Peppa, C. Lu, J. Uribarri, and H. Vlassara High Levels of Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products Transform Low-Density Lipoprotein Into a Potent Redox-Sensitive Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Stimulant in Diabetic Patients Circulation, July 20, 2004; 110(3): 285 - 291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Adachi, D. R. Pimentel, T. Heibeck, X. Hou, Y. J. Lee, B. Jiang, Y. Ido, and R. A. Cohen S-Glutathiolation of Ras Mediates Redox-sensitive Signaling by Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells J. Biol. Chem., July 9, 2004; 279(28): 29857 - 29862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Young and J. W. Funder Eplerenone, But Not Steroid Withdrawal, Reverses Cardiac Fibrosis in Deoxycorticosterone/ Salt-Treated Rats Endocrinology, July 1, 2004; 145(7): 3153 - 3157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Yoshimoto, N. Fukai, R. Sato, T. Sugiyama, N. Ozawa, M. Shichiri, and Y. Hirata Antioxidant Effect of Adrenomedullin on Angiotensin II-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Endocrinology, July 1, 2004; 145(7): 3331 - 3337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Kusaka, G. Kusaka, C. Zhou, M. Ishikawa, A. Nanda, D. N. Granger, J. H. Zhang, and J. Tang Role of AT1 receptors and NAD(P)H oxidase in diabetes-aggravated ischemic brain injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2004; 286(6): H2442 - H2451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Jiang, S. Xu, X. Hou, D. R. Pimentel, and R. A. Cohen Angiotensin II Differentially Regulates Interleukin-1-{beta}-inducible NO Synthase (iNOS) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) Expression: ROLE OF p38 MAPK J. Biol. Chem., May 7, 2004; 279(19): 20363 - 20368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Haendeler, J. Hoffmann, J. F. Diehl, M. Vasa, I. Spyridopoulos, A. M. Zeiher, and S. Dimmeler Antioxidants Inhibit Nuclear Export of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase and Delay Replicative Senescence of Endothelial Cells Circ. Res., April 2, 2004; 94(6): 768 - 775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S.-W. Ryoo, D.-U. Kim, M. Won, K.-S. Chung, Y.-J. Jang, G.-T. Oh, S.-K. Park, P.-J. Maeng, H.-S. Yoo, and K.-L. Hoe Native LDL induces interleukin-8 expression via H2O2, p38 Kinase, and activator protein-1 in human aortic smooth muscle cells Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2004; 62(1): 185 - 193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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