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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2000;20:111.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

The Heparin-Binding Proteins Apolipoprotein E and Lipoprotein Lipase Enhance Cellular Proteoglycan Production

Joseph C. Obunike; Sivaram Pillarisetti; Latha Paka; Yuko Kako; Mathew J. Butteri; Yuan-Yaun Ho; William D. Wagner; Nobuhiro Yamada; Theodore Mazzone; Richard J. Deckelbaum; Ira J. Goldberg

From the Departments of Medicine (J.C.O., S.P., L.P., Y.K., M.J.B., I.J.G.) and Pediatrics (Y.-Y.H., R.J.D.) and the Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; the Department of Pathology (W.D.W.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the University of Tokyo School of Medicine (N.Y.), Tokyo, Japan; and the Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry (T.M.), Rush Medical College, Chicago, Ill.

Correspondence to Dr Joseph C. Obunike, Division of Preventive Medicine, BB 906, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032.

Abstract—Apolipoprotein E (apoE) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), key proteins in the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism, bind with high affinity to heparin and cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). In the present study, we tested whether the expression of apoE or LPL would modulate proteoglycan (PG) metabolism in cells. Two apoE-expressing cells, macrophages and fibroblasts, and LPL-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were used to study the effect of apoE and LPL on PG production. Cellular PGs were metabolically labeled with ³⁵[S]sulfate for 20 hours, and medium, pericellular PGs, and intracellular PGs were assessed. In all transfected cells, PG levels in the 3 pools increased 1.6- to 3-fold when compared with control cells. Initial PG production was assessed from the time of addition of radiolabeled sulfate; at 1 hour, there was no difference in PG synthesis by apoE-expressing cells when compared with control cells. After 1 hour, apoE-expressing cells had significantly greater production of PGs. Total production assessed with [³H]glucosamine was also increased. This was due to an increase in the length of the glycosaminoglycan chains. To assess whether the increase in PGs was due to a decrease in PG degradation, a pulse-chase experiment was performed. Loss of sulfate-labeled pericellular PGs was similar in apoE and control cells, but more labeled PGs appeared in the medium of the apoE-expressing cells. Addition of exogenous apoE and anti-human apoE antibody to both non–apoE-expressing and apoE-expressing cells did not alter PG production. Moreover, LPL addition did not alter cell-surface PG metabolism. These results show that enhanced gene expression of apoE and LPL increases cellular PG production. We postulate that such changes in vascular PGs can affect the atherogenic potential of arteries.

Key Words: macrophages • atherosclerosis • glycosaminoglycans • chondroitin • heparan

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