© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Contributions |
Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Adipose Tissue and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
The EURAMIC Study
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National School of Public Health, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III" (E.G., J.M.M.-M.), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, National Public Health Institute (A.A., I.S., J.K.H.), Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit, "Fundación Jiménez Díaz" (F.J.J.), Madrid, Spain; Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen Agricultural University (P.V.V., F.J.K.), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Consumer Research and Epidemiology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute (A.F.M.K.), Zeist, The Netherlands; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Málaga (J.G.-A.), Málaga, Spain; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Zürich University (B.C.M.), Zürich, Switzerland; University of North Carolina (L.K.), Chapel Hill; Epidemiology Unit, Hadassah Medical Organization and Hebrew University (J.D.K.), Jerusalem, Israel; Research Center for Preventive Medicine (V.P.M.), Moscow, Russia; Østfold Central Hospital (J.R.), Fredrikstad, Norway; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada (J.G.), Granada, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Edinburgh (R.A.R.), Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Department of Health Risks and Prevention, Robert Koch Institute (M.T.), Berlin, Germany.
Correspondence and reprint requests to Eliseo Guallar, Departamento de Epidemiología y Bioestadística, Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Sinesio Delgado 8, 28029 Madrid, Spain. E-mail eguallar{at}isciii.es
Abstract—Omega-3 fatty acids
have potential antiatherogenic, antithrombotic, and antiarrhythmic
properties, but their role in coronary heart disease remains
controversial. To evaluate the association of omega-3 fatty acids in
adipose tissue with the risk of myocardial infarction in men, a
case-control study was conducted in eight European countries and
Israel. Cases (n=639) included patients with a first myocardial
infarction admitted to coronary care units within 24 hours from
the onset of symptoms. Controls (n=700) were selected to
represent the populations originating the cases. Adipose tissue
levels of fatty acids were determined by capillary gas
chromatography. The mean (±SD) proportion of
-linolenic acid was 0.77% (±0.19) of fatty acids in cases
and 0.80% (±0.19) of fatty acids in controls (P=0.01).
The relative risk for the highest quintile of -linolenic
acid compared with the lowest was 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]
0.22 to 0.81, P-trend=0.02). After adjusting for
classical risk factors, the relative risk for the highest quintile was
0.68 (95% CI 0.31 to 1.49, P-trend=0.38). The mean
proportion of docosahexaenoic acid was 0.24% (±0.13) of fatty acids
in cases and 0.25% (±0.13) of fatty acids in controls
(P=0.14), with no evidence of association with risk of
myocardial infarction. In this large case-control study we could not
detect a protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the risk of
myocardial infarction. The protective effect of -linolenic
acid was attenuated after adjusting for classical risk factors (mainly
smoking), but it deserves further research.
Key Words: myocardial infarction • -linolenic acid • docosahexaenoic acid • case-control studies • adipose tissue.
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