© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Contributions |
Central Role of the MAPK Pathway in Ang II–Mediated DNA Synthesis and Migration in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
From the University of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension (X.-P.X., K.G., S.G., W.A.H., R.E.L.), Los Angeles, Calif, and the Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Virchow Klinikum d HU Berlin and German Heart Institute Berlin (K.G., S.G., E.F.), Berlin, Germany.
Correspondence to Ronald E. Law, PhD, UCLA School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Warren Hall, 2nd Floor, Suite 24-130, 900 Veteran Ave, Box 957073, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
Abstract—Angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and migration, but the signaling pathways mediating these VSMC behaviors critical to restenosis and atherosclerosis are not completely known. The purpose of the present investigation was to define the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in Ang II–induced DNA synthesis, migration, and c-fos induction in VSMCs. PD 98059, a synthetic inhibitor of MAPK kinase, or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to deplete extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2 MAPKs, were used to inhibit MAPK signaling. PD 98059 at 30 µmol/L reduced Ang II–induced MAPK activity by 69% (P<0.01). Under these conditions, Ang II–induced DNA synthesis was completely inhibited (P<0.01), and Ang II–directed migration was attenuated by 76% (P<0.05). In contrast, induction of c-fos by Ang II was only partially suppressed (58% inhibition, P<0.01). Antisense ODNs against the initiation site of rat ERK1 and ERK2 MAPK mRNAs reduced corresponding protein levels by 63% (P<0.01) and completely inhibited MAPK activation by either Ang II (1 µmol/L) or 10% serum. Antisense ODNs (0.4 µmol/L) completely inhibited Ang II–induced DNA synthesis (P<0.01), decreased migration by 47% (P<0.01), and reduced c-fos induction by 40% (P<0.01 versus control ODN–transfected VSMCs). The Ang II type 1 (AT1)-receptor blocker irbesartan completely blocked DNA synthesis, migration, MAPK activation, and c-fos induction by Ang II in VSMCs. These results demonstrate that activation of MAPK plays a crucial role in Ang II–directed migration and DNA synthesis through the AT1 receptor. In contrast, Ang II–mediated c-fos induction and migration were only partially inhibited by either antisense ODNs or PD 98059, suggesting that other pathways in addition to the MAPK pathway may be involved in these actions of Ang II. We conclude that MAPK is a critical regulatory factor for Ang II–mediated migration and growth in VSMCs. Ang II–induced DNA synthesis showed a stronger MAPK dependence than did Ang II–directed migration or c-fos induction.
Key Words: vascular smooth muscle cells • migration • angiotensin II • DNA synthesis • mitogen-activated protein kinase
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