© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Contributions |
Dietary 
-3, -6, and -9 Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Growth Factor and Cytokine Gene Expression in Unstimulated and Stimulated Monocytes
A Randomized Volunteer Study
From Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Innenstadt, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Correspondence to Clemens von Schacky, MD, Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Innenstadt, Universität München, Ziemssenstr 1, D-80336 Munich, Munich, Germany. E-mail vonschacky{at}medinn.med.uni-muenchen.de
Abstract—Dietary 
-3
fatty acids retard coronary atherosclerosis.
Previously, we demonstrated that dietary -3 fatty acids reduce
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A and PDGF-B mRNA levels in
unstimulated, human mononuclear cells (MNCs). In a randomized,
investigator-blinded intervention trial, we have now compared the
effect of ingestion of 7 g/d -3, -6, or -9 fatty acids for 4
weeks versus no dietary intervention on PDGF-A, PDGF-B, heparin-bound
epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
(MCP-1), and interleukin-10 gene expression in unstimulated MNCs and in
monocytes that were adherence-activated ex vivo in a total of
28 volunteers. In unstimulated MNCs, mRNA steady-state levels of
PDGF-A, PDGF-B, and MCP-1 were reduced by 25±10%, 31±13%, and
40±14%, respectively, after -3 fatty acid ingestion, as assessed
by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (all P<0.05).
In monocytes that were adherence-activated ex vivo for 4 and 20
hours, mRNA steady-state levels of PDGF-A, PDGF-B, and MCP-1 were
reduced by 25±13%, 20±15%, and 30±8%, respectively (all
P<0.05). Interleukin-10 and HB-EGF mRNA steady-state
levels were not influenced by -3 fatty acid ingestion. Expression of
all respective mRNAs in control volunteers or in those ingesting -6
or -9 fatty acids were not altered. We conclude that human gene
expression for PDGF-A, PDGF-B, and MCP-1, factors thought relevant to
atherosclerosis, is constitutive, is constant, and can
be reduced only by dietary -3 fatty acids in unstimulated and
adherence-activated monocytes.
Key Words: mRNA • platelet-derived growth factor • monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 • interleukin-10 • heparin-bound epidermal growth factor
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