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Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1998;18:1386-1392

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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1998;18:1386-1392.)
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.


Original Contributions

C-Reactive Protein Frequently Colocalizes With the Terminal Complement Complex in the Intima of Early Atherosclerotic Lesions of Human Coronary Arteries

Jan Torzewski; Michael Torzewski; David E. Bowyer; Margit Fröhlich; Wolfgang Koenig; Johannes Waltenberger; Colin Fitzsimmons; ; Vinzenz Hombach

From the Department of Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (J.T., M.F., W.K., J.W., V.H.); the Department of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (M.T.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (D.E.B., C.F.).

Correspondence to Dr Michael Torzewski, Department of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. E-mail torzewsk{at}mail-rz.uni-duesseldorf.de

Abstract—There is increasing evidence that complement activation may play a role in atherogenesis. Complement proteins have been demonstrated to be present in early atherosclerotic lesions of animals and humans, and cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic lesion formation is reduced in complement-deficient animals. Potential complement activators in atherosclerotic lesions are now a subject matter of debate. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein that is involved in inflammatory processes in numerous ways. It binds to lipoproteins and activates the complement system via the classic pathway. In this study we have investigated early atherosclerotic lesions of human coronary arteries by means of immunohistochemical staining. We demonstrate here that CRP deposits in the arterial wall in early atherosclerotic lesions with 2 predominant manifestations. First, there is a diffuse rather than a focal deposition in the deep fibroelastic layer and in the fibromuscular layer of the intima adjacent to the media. In this location, CRP frequently colocalizes with the terminal complement complex. Second, the majority of foam cells below the endothelium show positive staining for CRP. In this location, no colocalization with the terminal complement proteins can be observed. Our data suggest that CRP may promote atherosclerotic lesion formation by activating the complement system and being involved in foam cell formation.


Key Words: atherogenesis • C-reactive protein • complement • inflammation




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RadiologyHome page
M. Schillinger, M. Exner, W. Mlekusch, H. Rumpold, R. Ahmadi, S. Sabeti, W. Lang, O. Wagner, and E. Minar
Acute-Phase Response after Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery: Association with 6-month In-Stent Restenosis
Radiology, May 1, 2003; 227(2): 516 - 521.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
K. Amann, C. Ritz, M. Adamczak, and E. Ritz
Why is coronary heart disease of uraemic patients so frequent and so devastating?
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., April 1, 2003; 18(4): 631 - 640.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
R. Oksjoki, H. Jarva, P. T. Kovanen, P. Laine, S. Meri, and M. O. Pentikainen
Association Between Complement Factor H and Proteoglycans in Early Human Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions: Implications for Local Regulation of Complement Activation
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2003; 23(4): 630 - 636.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch SurgHome page
M. A. Zimmerman, C. H. Selzman, C. Cothren, A. C. Sorensen, C. D. Raeburn, and A. H. Harken
Diagnostic Implications of C-Reactive Protein
Arch Surg, February 1, 2003; 138(2): 220 - 224.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
X. Z. Ruan, Z. Varghese, and J. F. Moorhead
Inflammation modifies lipid-mediated renal injury
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., January 1, 2003; 18(1): 27 - 32.
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Eur Heart JHome page
V. Stangl, G. Baumann, and K. Stangl
Coronary atherogenic risk factors in women
Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2002; 23(22): 1738 - 1752.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
L. Sternik, S. Samee, H. V. Schaff, K. J. Zehr, L. O. Lerman, D. R. Holmes, J. Herrmann, and A. Lerman
C-Reactive Protein Relaxes Human Vessels In Vitro
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2002; 22(11): 1865 - 1868.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
A. S. Major, S. Fazio, and M. F. Linton
B-Lymphocyte Deficiency Increases Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor-Null Mice
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2002; 22(11): 1892 - 1898.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
M.-K. Chang, C. J. Binder, M. Torzewski, and J. L. Witztum
From the Cover: C-reactive protein binds to both oxidized LDL and apoptotic cells through recognition of a common ligand: Phosphorylcholine of oxidized phospholipids
PNAS, October 1, 2002; 99(20): 13043 - 13048.
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RadiologyHome page
M. Schillinger, M. Exner, W. Mlekusch, H. Rumpold, R. Ahmadi, S. Sabeti, M. Haumer, O. Wagner, and E. Minar
Vascular Inflammation and Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of the Femoropopliteal Artery: Association with Restenosis
Radiology, October 1, 2002; 225(1): 21 - 26.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
M. J. Jarvisalo, A. Harmoinen, M. Hakanen, U. Paakkunainen, J. Viikari, J. Hartiala, T. Lehtimaki, O. Simell, and O. T. Raitakari
Elevated Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels and Early Arterial Changes in Healthy Children
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2002; 22(8): 1323 - 1328.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Sci Aging Knowl EnvironHome page
P. L. McGeer and E. G. McGeer
Innate Immunity, Local Inflammation, and Degenerative Disease
Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ., July 24, 2002; 2002(29): re3 - 3.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
C. Buono, C. E. Come, J. L. Witztum, G. F. Maguire, P. W. Connelly, M. Carroll, and A. H. Lichtman
Influence of C3 Deficiency on Atherosclerosis
Circulation, June 25, 2002; 105(25): 3025 - 3031.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
I. M. van der Meer, M. P.M. de Maat, M. L. Bots, M. M.B. Breteler, J. Meijer, A. J. Kiliaan, A. Hofman, and J. C.M. Witteman
Inflammatory Mediators and Cell Adhesion Molecules as Indicators of Severity of Atherosclerosis: The Rotterdam Study
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2002; 22(5): 838 - 842.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
M. S. Rolph, S. Zimmer, B. Bottazzi, C. Garlanda, A. Mantovani, and G. K. Hansson
Production of the Long Pentraxin PTX3 in Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaques
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2002; 22(5): e10 - 14.
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Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
Y. Yamamoto, N. Sakata, J. Meng, M. Sakamoto, A. Noma, I. Maeda, K. Okamoto, and S. Takebayashi
Possible involvement of increased glycoxidation and lipid peroxidation of elastin in atherogenesis in haemodialysis patients
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., April 1, 2002; 17(4): 630 - 636.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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HeartHome page
N T Mulvihill and J B Foley
Inflammation in acute coronary syndromes
Heart, March 1, 2002; 87(3): 201 - 204.
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Circ. Res.Home page
G. J. Blake and P. M. Ridker
Novel Clinical Markers of Vascular Wall Inflammation
Circ. Res., October 26, 2001; 89(9): 763 - 771.
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CirculationHome page
J. C. Chambers, S. Eda, P. Bassett, Y. Karim, S. G. Thompson, J. R. Gallimore, M. B. Pepys, and J. S. Kooner
C-Reactive Protein, Insulin Resistance, Central Obesity, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Indian Asians From the United Kingdom Compared With European Whites
Circulation, July 10, 2001; 104(2): 145 - 150.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
K. Yasojima, C. Schwab, E. G. McGeer, and P. L. McGeer
Complement Components, but Not Complement Inhibitors, Are Upregulated in Atherosclerotic Plaques
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2001; 21(7): 1214 - 1219.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
T. P. Zwaka, V. Hombach, and J. Torzewski
C-Reactive Protein-Mediated Low Density Lipoprotein Uptake by Macrophages : Implications for Atherosclerosis
Circulation, March 6, 2001; 103(9): 1194 - 1197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Pathol.Home page
K. Yasojima, C. Schwab, E. G. McGeer, and P. L. McGeer
Generation of C-Reactive Protein and Complement Components in Atherosclerotic Plaques
Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2001; 158(3): 1039 - 1051.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Clin. Chem.Home page
W. Koenig
C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Risk: Has the Time Come for Screening the General Population?
Clin. Chem., January 1, 2001; 47(1): 9 - 10.
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CirculationHome page
V. Pasceri, J. T. Willerson, and E. T. H. Yeh
Direct Proinflammatory Effect of C-Reactive Protein on Human Endothelial Cells
Circulation, October 31, 2000; 102(18): 2165 - 2168.
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CirculationHome page
M. S. Eisenberg, H. J. Chen, M. K. Warshofsky, R. R. Sciacca, H. S. Wasserman, A. Schwartz, and L. E. Rabbani
Elevated Levels of Plasma C-Reactive Protein Are Associated With Decreased Graft Survival in Cardiac Transplant Recipients
Circulation, October 24, 2000; 102(17): 2100 - 2104.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
W. K. Lagrand, C. A. Visser, C. E. Hack, H. W. M. Niessen, R. Nijmeijer, W. Konig, and C. Wanner
C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease: linked by complement?
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., October 1, 2000; 15(10): 1709 - 1710.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
M. Torzewski, C. Rist, R. F. Mortensen, T. P. Zwaka, M. Bienek, J. Waltenberger, W. Koenig, G. Schmitz, V. Hombach, and J. Torzewski
C-Reactive Protein in the Arterial Intima : Role of C-Reactive Protein Receptor-Dependent Monocyte Recruitment in Atherogenesis
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2000; 20(9): 2094 - 2099.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Clin. Pathol.Home page
S A Morre, W Stooker, W K Lagrand, A J C van den Brule, and H W M Niessen
Microorganisms in the aetiology of atherosclerosis
J. Clin. Pathol., September 1, 2000; 53(9): 647 - 654.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
J.C. Kaski, X. Garcia-Moll, W. K. Lagrand, C. A. Visser, H. W. M. Niessen, C. E. Hack, W. T. Hermens, F. W. A. Verheugt, G.-J. Wolbink, and C. E. Hack
C-Reactive Protein as a Clinical Marker of Risk Response
Circulation, August 29, 2000; 102 (9): e63 - e64.
[Full Text] [PDF]