© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Plasma Lipoprotein (a) Levels in Men and Women Consuming Diets Enriched in Saturated, Cis-, or Trans-Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
From the Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA (B.A.C., J.T.-J., M.E.S.), Beltsville, MD; Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University (E.J.S., J.L.-J., A.H.L.), Boston, MA; The Lipid Research Clinic (R.A.M.), The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Statistics Collaborative (J.W.), Washington, DC.
Correspondence to Beverly A. Clevidence, PhD, Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Building 308, Room 115, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350. E-mail Bev{at}bhnrc.arsusda.gov
Abstract Studies that have shown adverse effects of
trans-unsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipoprotein (a)
[Lp(a)] levels have used levels of trans-fatty acid that
are higher than those in the average U.S. diet. This study was
conducted to clarify the effects on Lp(a) of trans-fatty
acids levels commonly found in U.S. diets. Lp(a) levels were measured
in a double-blind study of 29 men and 29 women who ate 4 controlled
diets in random order for 6 weeks each. Fatty acids
represented 39% to 40% of energy. The diets were: (1)
Oleic (16.7% of energy as oleic acid); (2) Moderate trans
(3.8% of energy as trans-monoenes, approximately the
trans content of the U.S. diet); (3) High trans
(6.6% of energy as trans-monoenes); (4) Saturated (16.2%
of energy as lauric plus myristic plus palmitic acids). The Saturated
diet lowered Lp(a) levels significantly (by 8% to 11%). Compared to
the Oleic diet, the trans diets had no adverse effect on
Lp(a) levels when all subjects were considered collectively. A subset
with initially high levels of Lp(a) (
30 mg/dL), however, responded to
the High trans diet with a slight (5%) increase in Lp(a)
levels relative to the Oleic and Moderate trans diets. Thus,
in amounts commonly found in the typical U.S. diet, saturated fatty
acids consistently decrease Lp(a) concentrations. The adverse
effects of replacing cis- with trans-fatty acids
are only suggestive and are restricted to high trans intakes
in subjects with high Lp(a) levels.
Key Words: lipoprotein (a) • human diet • trans-fatty acids • hydrogenated fat • saturated fat • dietary fatty acids • monounsaturated fat • elaidic acid
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