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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1997;17:445-453.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.

Articles

Oxidized LDL Mediates the Release of Fibroblast Growth Factor-1

Natalya M. Ananyeva; Alexey V. Tjurmin; Judith A. Berliner; Guy M. Chisolm; Gene Liau; Jeffrey A. Winkles; ; Christian C. Haudenschild

From the Departments of Experimental Pathology (N.M.A., A.V.T., C.C.H.) and Molecular Biology (G.L., J.A.W.), Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, Md; the Department of Pathology and Medicine/Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles (J.A.B.); and the Department of Cell Biology, The Cleveland (Ohio) Clinic Foundation (G.M.C.).

Correspondence to C.C. Haudenschild, Department of Experimental Pathology, Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD 20855. E-mail haudenschildc{at}usa.redcross.org.

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) and lipoproteins play an important role in atherogenesis. In the present study, we explored a possible mechanism by which abnormal lipid metabolism could be linked to the proliferative aspects of the disease. We tested oxidized LDL (oxLDL) as a possible pathophysiological mediator of the release of FGF-1, using FGF-1–transfected mouse NIH 3T3 cells and FGF-1–transfected rabbit smooth muscle cells, and compared it with the release caused by elevated temperature. Immunoblot analysis showed that oxLDL induced the release of FGF-1 in a concentration-dependent manner from 10 to 100 µg/mL. The effect correlated with the extent of oxidative modification of LDL and was maximal within 4 hours of exposure of cells to oxLDL. In contrast to the temperature stress–induced FGF-1 secretion pathway, FGF-1 released in response to oxLDL (1) appeared in the conditioned medium as a monomer, (2) appeared independently of the presence of either actinomycin D or cycloheximide, and (3) was neither enhanced nor inhibited by brefeldin A. We did not detect cell loss, significant morphological changes, changes in growth characteristics, or other indications of lethal toxicity in oxLDL-treated cells. Although the level of lactate dehydrogenase activity was elevated after oxLDL exposure, the calculations showed that >90% of the FGF-1 was released by viable cells. We propose that oxLDL-induced FGF-1 release is mediated by sublethal and apparently transient changes in cell membrane permeability. In the environment of an atherosclerotic lesion, oxLDL-induced FGF-1 release may be among the mediators of endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Key Words: fibroblast growth factor-1 • oxidized LDL • atherosclerosis • sublethal injury

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