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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1997;17:423-428.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.

Articles

Early Activation Signals in Endothelial Cells

Stimulation by Cytokines

Martino Introna; ; Alberto Mantovani

From the Dipartimento di Immunologia e Biologia Cellulare, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milano (M.I., A.M.), and Sezione di Patologia Generale, Università di Brescia, Brescia (A.M.), Italy.

Correspondence to Martino Introna, MD, Laboratory of Molecular Immunohematology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milano, Italy. E-mail Martino{at}IRFMN.MNEGRI.IT

Abstract With limitation to the "proinflammatory program" induced in endothelial cells by exposure to interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6, we review the available data on the signaling for these three cytokines, from receptor engagement to induction of gene transcription. Only a few molecular pathways have been characterized so far, and key issues in endothelial biology, such as endothelial specificity of gene expression and heterogeneity of different endothelial populations, remain largely unexplored.

Key Words: endothelial cells • cytokines • molecular signaling • gene expression

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