Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1997;17:300-309
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Localization of Nonpancreatic Secretory Phospholipase A2 in Normal and Atherosclerotic Arteries
Activity of the Isolated Enzyme on Low-Density Lipoproteins
the Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg University, Sweden (E.H.-C., B.R., P.S.); the UNIGEN Center for Molecular Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (S.A., R.S., B.J.); and the Department of Gynecology, Ostra Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (E.S.).
Correspondence to Eva Hurt-Camejo, PhD, Wallenberg Laboratory, Fack 16, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg 41 345, Sweden. E-mail eva.hurt@wlab.wall.gu.se.
Secretory nonpancreatic type II phospholipase A2 (snpPLA2) hydrolyzes fatty acids at the sn-2 position in phospholipids releasing free fatty acids (FFAs) and lysophospholipids. These products may act as intracellular second messengers or can be further metabolized into proinflammatory lipid mediators. The presence of snpPLA2 in extracellular fluids and serum during inflammation has suggested a role of the enzyme in this process. However, the presence of snpPLA2 in a variety of normal tissues suggests that snpPLA2 may also have physiological functions. Atherosclerosis appears to have an inflammatory component. Here we report on the snpPLA2 localization in normal and atherosclerotic lesions and on the properties of the isolated enzyme. A strong snpPLA2 immunoreactivity was observed in the arterial media that was colocalized with 
-actin–positive vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in both normal and atherosclerotic vessels. In aortic atherosclerotic lesions, snpPLA2 was observed colocalized with CD68-positive macrophages and HHF-35–positive SMCs and extracellularly in the lipid core. snpPLA2 was isolated from human normal arteries and from aorta with lesions. The enzyme was isolated by acid extraction of normal arterial tissues followed by immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified snpPLA2 had an expected molecular weight of 14 kD by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and appeared as a single band in immunoblotting. The enzymatic activity was followed by measuring release of fatty acids from phospholipid liposomes or LDL as substrates. The enzymatic activity was inhibited with two specific inhibitors for human snpPLA2: (1) monoclonal antibody 187 and (2) LY311727, a synthetic selective inhibitor. The mRNA for snpPLA2 was detected with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. These results indicate that snpPLA2 is present in human arteries and that it is able to hydrolyze phospholipids in LDL. The results support the hypothesis that snpPLA2 can release proinflammatory lipids at places of LDL deposition in the arterial wall.
Key Words: atherosclerosis • vascular smooth muscle cells • inflammation • macrophages
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