Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1996;16:831-842
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
The Yin and Yang of Oxidation in the Development of the Fatty Streak
A Review Based on the 1994 George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture
the Atherosclerosis Research Unit and the Departments of Medicine, Pathology (J.A.B.), Physiology (J.S.F., L.L.D.), and Biological Chemistry (P.A.E.), School of Medicine; and the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Letters and Sciences (A.J.L., D.M.S.), University of California at Los Angeles.
Correspondence to Alan M. Fogelman, MD, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736.
Recent data support the hypothesis that the fatty streak develops in response to specific phospholipids contained in LDL that become trapped in the artery wall and become oxidized as a result of exposure to the oxidative waste of the artery wall cells. The antioxidants present within both LDL and the microenvironments in which LDL is trapped function to prevent the formation of these biologically active, oxidized lipids. Enzymes associated with LDL and HDL (eg, platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase) or with HDL alone (eg, paraoxonase) destroy these biologically active lipids. The regulation and expression of these enzymes are determined genetically and are also significantly modified by environmental influences, including the acute-phase response or an atherogenic diet. The balance of these multiple factors leads to an induction or suppression of the inflammatory response in the artery wall and determines the clinical course.
Key Words: lipid oxide • inflammatory reaction
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O. Ziouzenkova, L. Asatryan, M. Akmal, C. Tetta, M. L. Wratten, G. Loseto-Wich, G. Jurgens, J. Heinecke, and A. Sevanian Oxidative Cross-linking of ApoB100 and Hemoglobin Results in Low Density Lipoprotein Modification in Blood. RELEVANCE TO ATHEROGENESIS CAUSED BY HEMODIALYSIS J. Biol. Chem., July 2, 1999; 274(27): 18916 - 18924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. W. Anderson and T. J. Hanna Impact of Nondigestible Carbohydrates on Serum Lipoproteins and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease J. Nutr., July 1, 1999; 129(7): 1457 - 1457. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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N. Leitinger, A. D. Watson, S. Y. Hama, B. Ivandic, J.-H. Qiao, J. Huber, K. F. Faull, D. S. Grass, M. Navab, A. M. Fogelman, et al. Role of Group II Secretory Phospholipase A2 in Atherosclerosis : 2. Potential Involvement of Biologically Active Oxidized Phospholipids Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 1999; 19(5): 1291 - 1298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Gardner, C. L. Banka, K. A. Roberts, A. E. Mullick, and J. C. Rutledge Modified LDL–Mediated Increases in Endothelial Layer Permeability Are Attenuated With 17ß-Estradiol Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 1999; 19(4): 854 - 861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T.-S. Lee, M.-S. Shiao, C.-C. Pan, and L.-Y. Chau Iron-Deficient Diet Reduces Atherosclerotic Lesions in ApoE-Deficient Mice Circulation, March 9, 1999; 99(9): 1222 - 1229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. L. Tribble Antioxidant Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Emphasis on Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and ß-Carotene : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association Circulation, February 2, 1999; 99(4): 591 - 595. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. M. E. D. van den Eijnden, J. T. van Noort, L. Hollaar, A. van der Laarse, and R. M. Bertina Cholesterol or Triglyceride Loading of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages by Incubation With Modified Lipoproteins Does Not Induce Tissue Factor Expression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1999; 19(2): 384 - 392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. Ross Atherosclerosis -- An Inflammatory Disease N. Engl. J. Med., January 14, 1999; 340(2): 115 - 126. [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Tsimikas, A. Philis-Tsimikas, S. Alexopoulos, F. Sigari, C. Lee, and P. D. Reaven LDL Isolated From Greek Subjects on a Typical Diet or From American Subjects on an Oleate-Supplemented Diet Induces Less Monocyte Chemotaxis and Adhesion When Exposed to Oxidative Stress Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1999; 19(1): 122 - 130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. F. A. Pearce, P. Roy, A. C. Nicholson, D. P. Hajjar, M. Febbraio, and R. L. Silverstein Recombinant Glutathione S-Transferase/CD36 Fusion Proteins Define an Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein-binding Domain J. Biol. Chem., December 25, 1998; 273(52): 34875 - 34881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Aviram, S. Billecke, R. Sorenson, C. Bisgaier, R. Newton, M. Rosenblat, J. Erogul, C. Hsu, C. Dunlop, and B. La Du Paraoxonase Active Site Required for Protection Against LDL Oxidation Involves Its Free Sulfhydryl Group and Is Different From That Required for Its Arylesterase/Paraoxonase Activities : Selective Action of Human Paraoxonase Allozymes Q and R Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1998; 18(10): 1617 - 1624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. B. Duell, D. L. Wheaton, A. Shultz, and H. Nguyen Inhibition of LDL oxidation by melatonin requires supraphysiologic concentrations Clin. Chem., September 1, 1998; 44(9): 1931 - 1936. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Lee, J. Barnett, and P. D. Reaven Liposomes enriched in oleic acid are less susceptible to oxidation and have less proinflammatory activity when exposed to oxidizing conditions J. Lipid Res., June 1, 1998; 39(6): 1239 - 1247. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 R. S. Rosenson and C. C. Tangney Antiatherothrombotic Properties of Statins: Implications for Cardiovascular Event Reduction JAMA, May 27, 1998; 279(20): 1643 - 1650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. I. Svetlov, K. M. Howard, M. S. Debuysere, and M. S. Olson Secretory PAF-acetylhydrolase of the rat hepatobiliary system: characterization and partial purification Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, May 1, 1998; 274(5): G891 - G900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Yoshida, O. Quehenberger, N. Kondratenko, S. Green, and D. Steinberg Minimally Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Increases Expression of Scavenger Receptor A, CD36, and Macrosialin in Resident Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 1998; 18(5): 794 - 802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Camejo, C. Halberg, A. Manschik-Lundin, E. Hurt-Camejo, B. Rosengren, H. Olsson, G. I. Hansson, G.-B. Forsberg, and B. Ylhen Hemin binding and oxidation of lipoproteins in serum: mechanisms and effect on the interaction of LDL with human macrophages J. Lipid Res., April 1, 1998; 39(4): 755 - 766. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Romano, E. Romano, S. Bjorkerud, and E. Hurt-Camejo Ultrastructural Localization of Secretory Type II Phospholipase A2 in Atherosclerotic and Nonatherosclerotic Regions of Human Arteries Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 1998; 18(4): 519 - 525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. K. Shah, J. Nilsson, S. Kaul, M. C. Fishbein, H. Ageland, A. Hamsten, J. Johansson, F. Karpe, and B. Cercek Effects of Recombinant Apolipoprotein A-IMilano on Aortic Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Circulation, March 3, 1998; 97(8): 780 - 785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Terpstra, D. A. Bird, and D. Steinberg Evidence that the lipid moiety of oxidized low density lipoprotein plays a role in its interaction with macrophage receptors PNAS, February 17, 1998; 95(4): 1806 - 1811. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. S. Luoma, P. Stralin, S. L. Marklund, T. P. Hiltunen, T. Sarkioja, and S. Yla-Herttuala Expression of Extracellular SOD and iNOS in Macrophages and Smooth Muscle Cells in Human and Rabbit Atherosclerotic Lesions : Colocalization With Epitopes Characteristic of Oxidized LDL and Peroxynitrite-Modified Proteins Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1998; 18(2): 157 - 167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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U. Panzenboeck, S. Raitmayer, H. Reicher, H. Lindner, O. Glatter, E. Malle, and W. Sattler Effects of Reagent and Enzymatically Generated Hypochlorite on Physicochemical and Metabolic Properties of High Density Lipoproteins J. Biol. Chem., November 21, 1997; 272(47): 29711 - 29720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Patrono and G. A. FitzGerald Isoprostanes: Potential Markers of Oxidant Stress in Atherothrombotic Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 2309 - 2315. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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