© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Effect of Dietary Fat Saturation on LDL Oxidation and Monocyte Adhesion to Human Endothelial Cells In Vitro
the Unidad de Investigacion de Lipidos and Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain, and the Lipid Metabolism Laboratory (J.M.O.), Jean Mayer–United States Department of Agriculture–Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Mass.
Correspondence to Pedro Mata, MD, PhD, Unidad de Lipidos, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Avda Reyes Catolicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Forty-two healthy men and women were subjected to four consecutive dietary periods differing in the fat content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6) [PUFA(n-6)] and (n-3) [PUFA(n-3)]. Plasma lipids, vitamin E, and in vitro LDL oxidation were examined during each period. Adhesion of human monocytes to cultured human endothelial cells was used as a functional test to identify differences in the biological properties of LDL from each dietary period. Consumption of an SFA-rich diet resulted in higher LDL cholesterol (4.06±0.85 mmol/L, P<.05) than did consumption of MUFA- (3.59±0.75 mmol/L), PUFA(n-6)– (3.44±0.77 mmol/L), or PUFA(n-3)– (3.31±0.8 mmol/L) rich diets. HDL cholesterol was lower during both PUFA-rich diets (1.24±0.28 and 1.27±0.28 mmol/L for n-6 and n-3, respectively) than during the SFA- (1.32±0.36 mmol/L) and MUFA- (1.32±0.34 mmol/L) rich diets. LDL resistance to copper-induced oxidation, expressed as lag time, was highest during the MUFA-rich diet (55.1±7.3 minutes) and lowest during the PUFA(n-3)– (45.3±7 minutes) and SFA- (45.3±6.4 minutes) rich diets. LDL induction of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells was lower during the MUFA-rich diet than the other periods. The highest monocyte adhesion was obtained during the PUFA(n-3) and SFA dietary periods. In conclusion, an MUFA-rich diet benefits plasma lipid levels compared with an SFA-rich diet. Furthermore, this diet results in an increased resistance of LDL to oxidation and a lower rate of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells than the other dietary fats examined.
Key Words: dietary fat • lipid oxidation • monocyte • low density lipoprotein • monounsaturated fatty acid
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