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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1995;15:1057-1063.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.

Articles

Probucol Treatment Decreases Serum Concentrations of Diet-Derived Antioxidants

Liselotte Schäfer Elinder; Karin Hådell; Jan Johansson; Jørgen Mølgaard; Ingar Holme; Anders G. Olsson; Göran Walldius

From the Department of Internal Medicine, King Gustaf V Research Institute, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (L.S.E., J.J., G.W.); the Dietetics Department, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (K.H.); the Research Center of General Medicine, North West Health Board, Stockholm County Council, Sweden (J.J.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden (J.M., A.G.O.); and The Life Insurance Companies Institute for Medical Statistics, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo, Norway (I.H.).

Correspondence to Liselotte Schäfer Elinder, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.

Abstract The effect of probucol, which is both a cholesterol-lowering drug and an antioxidant, on the serum concentrations of diet-derived antioxidants vitamin E, ß-carotene, lycopene, and vitamin A was studied in 303 hypercholesterolemic subjects. In a 3-year, double-blind, randomized trial we investigated to determine whether combined treatment with diet, cholestyramine, and probucol could reduce the progression of femoral atherosclerosis. Serum and lipoprotein antioxidant levels were measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Cholestyramine significantly lowered serum concentrations of vitamin E by 7%, ß-carotene by 40%, and lycopene by 30% (all P<.001) due to impairment of gastrointestinal absorption and to serum cholesterol lowering. Probucol reduced serum vitamin E by 14% (P<.001) secondary to cholesterol and triglyceride lowering. The carotenoids were reduced by probucol by 30% to 40% (P<.001) most probably due to reductions in lipoprotein particle size and to competition with these substances for incorporation into VLDL during its assembly in the liver. This study shows that the use of a lipid-soluble antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering drug may have unfavorable effects on blood levels of diet-derived antioxidants.

Key Words: hypercholesterolemia • cholestyramine • probucol • vitamin E • ß-carotene

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