© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Compared With Dietary Monounsaturated and Saturated Fat, Polyunsaturated Fat Protects African Green Monkeys From Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis
Presented in part at the Pennington Biomedical Research Symposium on Nutrition, Genetics, and Heart Disease, Baton Rouge, La, March 12-14, 1995.
From the Departments of Comparative Medicine and Biochemistry, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC.
Correspondence to Lawrence L. Rudel, Department of Comparative Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040.
Abstract Atherogenic diets enriched in saturated, n-6 polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fatty acids were fed to African green monkeys for 5 years to define effects on plasma lipoproteins and coronary artery atherosclerosis. The monkeys fed polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat had similar plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol, and these values were significantly lower than for LDL in the animals fed saturated fat. Plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations were comparable in animals fed saturated and monounsaturated fat and were significantly higher than in animals fed polyunsaturated fat. Thus, the monounsaturated fat group had the lowest LDL/HDL ratio. LDL particle size was largest in the saturated and monounsaturated fat groups, significantly larger than in the polyunsaturated fat group. LDL particle enrichment with cholesteryl oleate was the greatest in the animals fed monounsaturated fat, next greatest in the saturated fat–fed animals, and was least in the polyunsaturated fat–fed animals. Coronary artery atherosclerosis as measured by intimal area was less in the polyunsaturated fat compared with the saturated fat groups, was less in the animals fed polyunsaturated fat compared with the monounsaturated fat–fed animals, but did not differ between the monounsaturated and saturated fat groups. Cholesteryl ester, particularly cholesteryl oleate, accumulation in the coronary arteries was also similar between groups fed monounsaturated and saturated fat but was minimal in the animals fed polyunsaturated fat. In sum, the monkeys fed monounsaturated fat developed equivalent amounts of coronary artery atherosclerosis as those fed saturated fat, but monkeys fed polyunsaturated fat developed less. The beneficial effects of the lower LDL and higher HDL in the animals fed monounsaturated fat apparently were offset by the atherogenic shifts in LDL particle composition. Dietary polyunsaturated fat appears to result in the least amount of coronary artery atherosclerosis because it prevents cholesteryl oleate accumulation in LDL and the coronary arteries in these primates.
Key Words: cholesteryl ester • LDL • HDL • oleate
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  E. M. deGoma, R. L. deGoma, and D. J. Rader Beyond high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels evaluating high-density lipoprotein function as influenced by novel therapeutic approaches. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 10, 2008; 51(23): 2199 - 2211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. A. Bell III, K. Kelley, M. D. Wilson, J. K. Sawyer, and L. L. Rudel Dietary Fat-Induced Alterations in Atherosclerosis Are Abolished by ACAT2-Deficiency in ApoB100 Only, LDLr-/- Mice Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 2007; 27(6): 1396 - 1402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. A. Bell III, M. D. Wilson, K. Kelley, J. K. Sawyer, and L. L. Rudel Monounsaturated fatty acyl-coenzyme A is predictive of atherosclerosis in human apoB-100 transgenic, LDLr-/- mice J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2007; 48(5): 1122 - 1131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Zhang, T. J. Knight, K. J. Stalder, R. N. Goodwin, S. M. Lonergan, and D. C. Beitz Effects of breed, sex, and halothane genotype on fatty acid composition of pork longissimus muscle J Anim Sci, March 1, 2007; 85(3): 583 - 591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Nicholls, P. Lundman, J. A. Harmer, B. Cutri, K. A. Griffiths, K.-A. Rye, P. J. Barter, and D. S. Celermajer Consumption of Saturated Fat Impairs the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of High-Density Lipoproteins and Endothelial Function J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 15, 2006; 48(4): 715 - 720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. K. Kabagambe, A. Baylin, A. Ascherio, and H. Campos The Type of Oil Used for Cooking Is Associated with the Risk of Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in Costa Rica J. Nutr., November 1, 2005; 135(11): 2674 - 2679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. G. Lee, R. Shah, J. K. Sawyer, R. L. Hamilton, J. S. Parks, and L. L. Rudel ACAT2 contributes cholesteryl esters to newly secreted VLDL, whereas LCAT adds cholesteryl ester to LDL in mice J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2005; 46(6): 1205 - 1212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Wallace, M. Schwarz, P. Coward, J. Houze, J. K. Sawyer, K. L. Kelley, A. Chai, and L. L. Rudel Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {alpha}/{delta} agonists on HDL-cholesterol in vervet monkeys J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2005; 46(5): 1009 - 1016. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. D. Reaven, T. Traustadottir, J. Brennan, and P. R. Nader Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With Insulin Resistance in Children Persist Into Late Adolescence Diabetes Care, January 1, 2005; 28(1): 148 - 150. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. J. Edwards, I. M. Berquin, H. Sun, J. T. O'Flaherty, L. W. Daniel, M. J. Thomas, L. L. Rudel, R. L. Wykle, and Y. Q. Chen Differential Effects of Delivery of Omega-3 Fatty Acids to Human Cancer Cells by Low-Density Lipoproteins versus Albumin Clin. Cancer Res., December 15, 2004; 10(24): 8275 - 8283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. U. Jakobsen, K. Overvad, J. Dyerberg, M. Schroll, and B. L. Heitmann Dietary Fat and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Possible Effect Modification by Gender and Age Am. J. Epidemiol., July 15, 2004; 160(2): 141 - 149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D Kark, N. A Kaufmann, F. Binka, N. Goldberger, and E. M Berry Adipose tissue n-6 fatty acids and acute myocardial infarction in a population consuming a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2003; 77(4): 796 - 802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. T. Lada, L. L. Rudel, and R. W. St. Clair Effects of LDL enriched with different dietary fatty acids on cholesteryl ester accumulation and turnover in THP-1 macrophages J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2003; 44(4): 770 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Kritchevsky, S. A. Tepper, S. Wright, S. K. Czarnecki, T. A. Wilson, and R. J. Nicolosi Cholesterol Vehicle in Experimental Atherosclerosis 24: Avocado Oil J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2003; 22(1): 52 - 55. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 References Circulation, December 17, 2002; 106(25): 3373 - 3421. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Schwenke, L. L. Rudel, M. G. Sorci-Thomas, and M. J. Thomas {alpha}-Tocopherol protects against diet induced atherosclerosis in New Zealand white rabbits J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2002; 43(11): 1927 - 1938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kratz, E. Gulbahce, A. von Eckardstein, P. Cullen, A. Cignarella, G. Assmann, and U. Wahrburg Dietary Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Similarly Affect LDL Size in Healthy Men and Women J. Nutr., April 1, 2002; 132(4): 715 - 718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Furbee Jr., O. Francone, and J. S. Parks In vivo contribution of LCAT to apolipoprotein B lipoprotein cholesteryl esters in LDL receptor and apolipoprotein E knockout mice J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2002; 43(3): 428 - 437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Lichtenstein, L. M. Ausman, S. M. Jalbert, M. Vilella-Bach, M. Jauhiainen, S. McGladdery, A. T. Erkkila, C. Ehnholm, J. Frohlich, and E. J. Schaefer Efficacy of a Therapeutic Lifestyle Change/Step 2 diet in moderately hypercholesterolemic middle-aged and elderly female and male subjects J. Lipid Res., February 1, 2002; 43(2): 264 - 273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J Schaefer Lipoproteins, nutrition, and heart disease Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2002; 75(2): 191 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. W. Furbee Jr., J. K. Sawyer, and J. S. Parks Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency Increases Atherosclerosis in the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor and Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice J. Biol. Chem., January 25, 2002; 277(5): 3511 - 3519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Fusegawa, K. L. Kelley, J. K. Sawyer, R. N. Shah, and L. L. Rudel Influence of dietary fatty acid composition on the relationship between CETP activity and plasma lipoproteins in monkeys J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2001; 42(11): 1849 - 1857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Furbee Jr., O. Francone, and J. S. Parks Alteration of plasma HDL cholesteryl ester composition with transgenic expression of a point mutation (E149A) of human LCAT J. Lipid Res., October 1, 2001; 42(10): 1626 - 1635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. Huggins, P. L. Colvin, E. R. Burleson, K. Kelley, J. K. Sawyer, P. H. R. Barrett, L. L. Rudel, and J. S. Parks Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fat increases the fractional catabolic rate of medium-sized HDL particles in African green monkeys J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2001; 42(9): 1457 - 1466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kris-Etherton, S. R. Daniels, R. H. Eckel, M. Engler, B. V. Howard, R. M. Krauss, A. H. Lichtenstein, F. Sacks, S. St. Jeor, M. Stampfer, et al. AHA Scientific Statement: Summary of the Scientific Conference on Dietary Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health : Conference Summary From the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association J. Nutr., April 1, 2001; 131(4): 1322 - 1326. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kris-Etherton, S. R. Daniels, R. H. Eckel, M. Engler, B. V. Howard, R. M. Krauss, A. H. Lichtenstein, F. Sacks, S. St. Jeor, M. Stampfer, et al. Summary of the Scientific Conference on Dietary Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health : Conference Summary From the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association Circulation, February 20, 2001; 103(7): 1034 - 1039. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. Huggins, E. R. Burleson, J. K. Sawyer, K. Kelly, L. L. Rudel, and J. S. Parks Determination of the tissue sites responsible for the catabolism of large high density lipoprotein in the African green monkey J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2000; 41(3): 384 - 394. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Kris-Etherton AHA Science Advisory: Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease J. Nutr., December 1, 1999; 129(12): 2280 - 2284. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Kris-Etherton Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Circulation, September 14, 1999; 100(11): 1253 - 1258. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K. Spady, D. M. Kearney, and H. H. Hobbs Polyunsaturated fatty acids up-regulate hepatic scavenger receptor B1 (SR-BI) expression and HDL cholesteryl ester uptake in the hamster J. Lipid Res., August 1, 1999; 40(8): 1384 - 1394. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. L. Rudel, K. Kelley, J. K. Sawyer, R. Shah, and M. D. Wilson Dietary Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Promote Aortic Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor–Null, Human ApoB100–Overexpressing Transgenic Mice Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 1998; 18(11): 1818 - 1827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Anderson, C. Joyce, M. Davis, J. W. Reagan, M. Clark, G. S. Shelness, and L. L. Rudel Identification of a Form of Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Specific to Liver and Intestine in Nonhuman Primates J. Biol. Chem., October 9, 1998; 273(41): 26747 - 26754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Nicolosi, T. A. Wilson, E. J. Rogers, and D. Kritchevsky Effects of specific fatty acids (8:0,14:0, cis-18:1, trans-18:1) on plasma lipoproteins, early atherogenic potential, and LDL oxidative properties in the hamster J. Lipid Res., October 1, 1998; 39(10): 1972 - 1980. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Gillotte, S. Lund-Katz, M. de la Llera-Moya, J. S. Parks, L. L. Rudel, G. H. Rothblat, and M. C. Phillips Dietary modification of high density lipoprotein phospholipid and influence on cellular cholesterol efflux J. Lipid Res., October 1, 1998; 39(10): 2065 - 2075. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Reaven, P. R. Nader, C. Berry, and T. Hoy Cardiovascular Disease Insulin Risk in Mexican-American and Anglo-American Children and Mothers Pediatrics, April 1, 1998; 101 (4): e12 - e12. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Ornish, L. L. Rudel, G. W. Strain, W. E. Connor, S. L. Connor, M. B. Katan, S. M. Grundy, and W. C. Willett Low-Fat Diets N. Engl. J. Med., January 8, 1998; 338(2): 127 - 129. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. T.K. Singh, D. L. Rainwater, C. M. Kammerer, R. M. Sharp, M. Poushesh, W. R. Shelledy, and J. L. VandeBerg Dietary and Genetic Effects on LDL Size Measures in Baboons Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 1996; 16(12): 1448 - 1453. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|