Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1995;15:2032-2036
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
The Interstitium of the Human Arterial Wall Contains Very Large Amounts of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase
From the Department of Clinical Chemistry (P.S., K.K., S.L.M.) and the Department of Anatomy (B.O.J.), Umeå University Hospital, Sweden.
Correspondence to Stefan L. Marklund, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University Hospital, S-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
Abstract The levels of the secreted, interstitially located extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), the cytosolic copper-and-zinc–containing SOD (CuZn-SOD), and the mitochondrial manganese-containing SOD (Mn-SOD) were measured in the walls of human coronary arteries, proximal thoracic aortas, and saphenous veins. The blood vessel walls, particularly the arteries, were found to contain exceptionally large amounts of EC-SOD, whereas the levels of CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD were relatively low compared with other tissues. Analysis of EC-SOD by immunohistochemistry indicates an even distribution in the vessel wall, including large amounts in the arterial intima. Arterial smooth muscle cells were found to secrete large amounts of EC-SOD and likely are the principal source of the enzyme in the vascular wall. The EC-SOD concentration in the human arterial wall extracellular space is high enough to efficiently suppress the putative pathological effects of the superoxide radical, such as oxidation of LDL and reaction with nitric oxide to form the deleterious peroxynitrite. The levels of EC-SOD in the aortic wall are found to vary widely among species and were on average 6440 U/g in humans, 4340 U/g in the cow, 2660 U/g in the pig, 160 U/g in the dog, 770 U/g in the cat, 2390 U/g in the rabbit, 90 U/g in the rat, and 3400 U/g in the mouse. There were only moderate differences in the amounts of CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD. This wide variation in EC-SOD content suggests that the susceptibility to pathologies induced by superoxide radicals in the vascular wall interstitium should vary widely among species.
Key Words: superoxide • nitric oxide • oxygen free radicals • atherosclerosis • LDL
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J. S. Luoma, P. Stralin, S. L. Marklund, T. P. Hiltunen, T. Sarkioja, and S. Yla-Herttuala Expression of Extracellular SOD and iNOS in Macrophages and Smooth Muscle Cells in Human and Rabbit Atherosclerotic Lesions : Colocalization With Epitopes Characteristic of Oxidized LDL and Peroxynitrite-Modified Proteins Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., February 1, 1998; 18(2): 157 - 167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Dikalov, B. Fink, M. Skatchkov, O. Sommer, and E. Bassenge Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Various Vascular Cells During Glyceryltrinitrate Metabolism Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, January 1, 1998; 3(1): 51 - 61. [Abstract] [PDF]
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F. M. FARACI and D. D. HEISTAD Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation: Role of Endothelium and Potassium Channels Physiol Rev, January 1, 1998; 78(1): 53 - 97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Barton, F. Cosentino, R. P. Brandes, P. Moreau, S. Shaw, and T. F. Luscher Anatomic Heterogeneity of Vascular Aging : Role of Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Hypertension, October 1, 1997; 30(4): 817 - 824. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. L. Tribble, E. L. Gong, C. Leeuwenburgh, J. W. Heinecke, E. L. Carlson, J. G. Verstuyft, and C. J. Epstein Fatty Streak Formation in Fat-Fed Mice Expressing Human Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., September 1, 1997; 17(9): 1734 - 1740. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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