Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, Vol 14, 54-59, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Fibrinogen and factor VII in the prediction of coronary risk. Results from the PROCAM study in healthy men [published erratum appears in Arterioscler Thromb 1994 Aug;14(8):1392]

J Heinrich, L Balleisen, H Schulte, G Assmann and J van de Loo
Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Munster, FRG.

Coronary thrombosis is regarded as the final occlusive event in the progress of coronary heart disease (CHD). Disturbances of the hemostatic system may favor this process and thus may indicate increased risk of myocardial infarction. Coagulation and lipid factors were measured in 2116 healthy male participants of the Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study. After 6 years of follow-up, 82 coronary events (9 sudden cardiac deaths and 14 fatal and 59 nonfatal myocardial infarctions) were observed. The mean plasma fibrinogen levels of the event and nonevent groups differed by 0.25 g/L (2.88 [SD, 0.68] versus 2.63 [SD, 0.63] g/L, respectively; P = .001). The incidence of coronary events in the upper tertile of the plasma fibrinogen distribution was 2.4-fold higher than in the lower tertile. By multiple logistic function analysis, plasma fibrinogen was found to be an independent risk indicator for CHD (P < .05). Individuals in the high serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol tertile who also showed high plasma fibrinogen concentrations had a 6.1-fold increase in coronary risk. Unexpectedly, individuals with low plasma fibrinogen had a low incidence of coronary events even when serum LDL cholesterol was high. The mean factor VIIc activities in the event and nonevent groups did not differ significantly (112.3% [SD, 19.9] versus 108.4% [SD, 21.6]; P = .09). There was, however, a trend toward higher factor VIIc values when only fatal events were taken into account. Thus, higher levels of plasma fibrinogen markedly increased the predictive power of high serum LDL cholesterol. Low plasma fibrinogen is associated with low coronary risk even when LDL is raised.

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				J. Levenson, P. Giral, J. L. Megnien, J. Gariepy, M.-C. Plainfosse, and A. Simon Fibrinogen and Its Relations to Subclinical Extracoronary and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic Men Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1997; 17(1): 45 - 50. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. W. Mansfield, D. M. Heywood, and P. J. Grant Circulating Levels of Factor VII, Fibrinogen, and von Willebrand Factor and Features of Insulin Resistance in First-Degree Relatives of Patients With NIDDM Circulation, November 1, 1996; 94(9): 2171 - 2176. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. P.M. de Maat, A. C.W. de Bart, B. C. Hennis, P. Meijer, A. C. Havelaar, P. G.H. Mulder, and C. Kluft Interindividual and Intraindividual Variability in Plasma Fibrinogen, TPA Antigen, PAI Activity, and CRP in Healthy, Young Volunteers and Patients With Angina Pectoris Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 1996; 16(9): 1156 - 1162. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Cushman, B. M. Psaty, E. Macy, E. G. Bovill, E. S. Cornell, L. H. Kuller, and R. P. Tracy Correlates of Thrombin Markers in an Elderly Cohort Free of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 1996; 16(9): 1163 - 1169. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P.-Y. Scarabin, A.-M. Vissac, J.-M. Kirzin, P. Bourgeat, J. Amiral, R. Agher, and L. Guize Population Correlates of Coagulation Factor VII: Importance of Age, Sex, and Menopausal Status as Determinants of Activated Factor VII Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 1996; 16(9): 1170 - 1176. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T W Meade, J A Cooper, R Chakrabarti, G J Miller, Y Stirling, and D J Howarth Fibrinolytic activity and clotting factors in ischaemic heart disease in women BMJ, June 22, 1996; 312(7046): 1581 - 1581. [Full Text]

				T W Meade, J A Cooper, R Chakrabarti, G J Miller, Y Stirling, and D J Howarth Fibrinolytic activity and clotting factors in ischaemic heart disease in women BMJ, June 22, 1996; 312(7046): 1581a - 1581. [Full Text]

				H. O. Hein, P. Suadicani, and F. Gyntelberg Alcohol consumption, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, and risk of ischaemic heart disease: six year follow up in the Copenhagen male study BMJ, March 23, 1996; 312(7033): 736 - 741. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Benderly, E. Graff, H. Reicher-Reiss, S. Behar, D. Brunner, and U. Goldbourt Fibrinogen Is a Predictor of Mortality in Coronary Heart Disease Patients Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 1996; 16(3): 351 - 356. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Cigolini, G. Targher, I.A. B. Andreis, M. Tonoli, G. Agostino, and G. De Sandre Visceral Fat Accumulation and Its Relation to Plasma Hemostatic Factors in Healthy Men Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 1996; 16(3): 368 - 374. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				Randomised comparison of oestrogen versus oestrogen plus progestogen hormone replacement therapy in women with hysterectomy BMJ, February 24, 1996; 312(7029): 473 - 478. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. S. Sharp, R. D. Abbott, C. M. Burchfiel, B. L. Rodriguez, R. P. Tracy, K. Yano, and J. D. Curb Plasma Fibrinogen and Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Japanese-American Men Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1996; 16(2): 262 - 268. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				I. Behague, O. Poirier, V. Nicaud, A. Evans, D. Arveiler, G. Luc, J.-P. Cambou, P.-Y. Scarabin, L. Bara, F. Green, et al. ß Fibrinogen Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Plasma Fibrinogen and Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Myocardial Infarction : The ECTIM Study Circulation, February 1, 1996; 93(3): 440 - 449. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Halle, A. Berg, J. Keul, and M. W. Baumstark Association Between Serum Fibrinogen Concentrations and HDL and LDL Subfraction Phenotypes in Healthy Men Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1996; 16(1): 144 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. W. Mansfield, D. M. Heywood, and P. J. Grant Sex Differences in Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in White Subjects With Non–Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1996; 16(1): 160 - 164. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. L. Stefanick, C. Legault, R. P. Tracy, G. Howard, C. M. Kessler, D. L. Lucas, and T. L. Bush Distribution and Correlates of Plasma Fibrinogen in Middle-aged Women : Initial Findings of the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1995; 15(12): 2085 - 2093. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Valek, L. Valkova, Z. Vlasakova, and V. Topinka Increased Fibrinogen Levels in the Offspring of Hypertensive Men : Relation With Hyperinsulinemia and the Metabolic Syndrome Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1995; 15(12): 2229 - 2233. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. Nicodeme, M. Nicaud, and M. Issandou Retinoids Stimulate Fibrinogen Production Both In Vitro (Hepatocytes) and In Vivo : Induction Requires Activation of the Retinoid X Receptor Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1995; 15(10): 1660 - 1667. [Abstract] [Full Text]