Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, Vol 12, 1336-1345, Copyright © 1992 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Relation of triglyceride metabolism and coronary artery disease. Studies in the postprandial state

JR Patsch, G Miesenbock, T Hopferwieser, V Muhlberger, E Knapp, JK Dunn, AM Gotto Jr and W Patsch
Department of Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Austria.

The status of fasting triglycerides as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) has been considered weak because in multivariate analyses, triglycerides tend to be eliminated by high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. To further evaluate the role of triglycerides in CAD, we employed postprandial lipemia as a more informative means of characterizing triglyceride metabolism. In 61 male subjects with severe CAD and 40 control subjects without CAD as verified by angiography, we measured cholesterol; triglycerides; HDL cholesterol; HDL2 cholesterol; and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B in fasting plasma and triglycerides before and 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after a standardized test meal. Both the maximal triglyceride increase and the magnitude of postprandial lipemia (area under the triglyceride curve over 8 hours after the meal) were higher in cases than in control subjects. Single postprandial triglyceride levels 6 and 8 hours after the meal were highly discriminatory (p < 0.001), and by logistic- regression analysis displayed an accuracy of 68% in predicting the presence or absence of CAD. In this respect, accuracy was higher than that of HDL2 cholesterol (64%) and equal to that of apolipoprotein B (68%), the most discriminatory fasting parameter. Multivariate logistic- regression analysis was performed to reduce the number of risk factors to those that were statistically independent. This statistical procedure selected postprandial but not fasting triglycerides into the most accurate multivariate model, which also contained the accepted risk factors HDL2 cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and age. This model classified 82% of subjects correctly. We conclude that triglycerides are independent predictors of CAD in multivariate analyses including HDL cholesterol, provided that a challenge test of triglyceride metabolism such as postprandial lipemia is used. The study suggests that the metabolism of triglycerides is a critical determinant of cholesterol metabolic routing. The findings support the concept that the negative association between HDL cholesterol levels and CAD actually originates in part from a positive relation between CAD and plasma triglycerides, as ascertained in the postprandial state.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Garaulet, Y.-C. Lee, J. Shen, L. D Parnell, D. K Arnett, M. Y Tsai, C.-Q. Lai, and J. M Ordovas CLOCK genetic variation and metabolic syndrome risk: modulation by monounsaturated fatty acids Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2009; 90(6): 1466 - 1475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Gastaldelli, A. Casolaro, D. Ciociaro, S. Frascerra, M. Nannipieri, E. Buzzigoli, and E. Ferrannini Decreased whole body lipolysis as a mechanism of the lipid-lowering effect of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic patients Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2009; 297(1): E225 - E230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Hernandez Vallejo, M. Alqub, S. Luquet, C. Cruciani-Guglielmacci, P. Delerive, J.-M. Lobaccaro, A.-D. Kalopissis, J. Chambaz, M. Rousset, and J.-M. Lacorte Short-term adaptation of postprandial lipoprotein secretion and intestinal gene expression to a high-fat diet Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, April 1, 2009; 296(4): G782 - G792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. D. Knuth, C. R. Shrivastava, and J. F. Horowitz Reducing dietary fat from a meal increases the bioavailability of exogenous carbohydrate without altering plasma glucose concentration J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2009; 106(1): 122 - 129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Perez-Martinez, D. Corella, J. Shen, D. K Arnett, N. Yiannakouris, E S. Tai, M. Orho-Melander, K. L Tucker, M. Tsai, R. J Straka, et al. Association between glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) and apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene polymorphisms and triacylglycerol concentrations in fasting, postprandial, and fenofibrate-treated states Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2009; 89(1): 391 - 399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Langsted, J. J. Freiberg, and B. G. Nordestgaard Fasting and Nonfasting Lipid Levels: Influence of Normal Food Intake on Lipids, Lipoproteins, Apolipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Circulation, November 11, 2008; 118(20): 2047 - 2056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G Ferns, V Keti, and B Griffin Investigation and management of hypertriglyceridaemia J. Clin. Pathol., November 1, 2008; 61(11): 1174 - 1183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. E. Berry, E. A Tydeman, H. B Lewis, R. Phalora, J. Rosborough, D. R Picout, and P. R Ellis Manipulation of lipid bioaccessibility of almond seeds influences postprandial lipemia in healthy human subjects Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2008; 88(4): 922 - 929. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. E. E. Berry, S. Tucker, R. Banerji, B. Jiang, P. J. Chowienczyk, S. M. Charles, and T. A. B. Sanders Impaired Postprandial Endothelial Function Depends on the Type of Fat Consumed by Healthy Men J. Nutr., October 1, 2008; 138(10): 1910 - 1914. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Shen, D. K. Arnett, P. Perez-Martinez, L. D. Parnell, C.-Q. Lai, J. M. Peacock, J. E. Hixson, M. Y. Tsai, R. J. Straka, P. N. Hopkins, et al. The effect of IL6-174C/G polymorphism on postprandial triglyceride metabolism in the GOLDN study,boxs J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2008; 49(8): 1839 - 1845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Cervera, E. Wajcberg, A. Sriwijitkamol, M. Fernandez, P. Zuo, C. Triplitt, N. Musi, R. A. DeFronzo, and E. Cersosimo Mechanism of action of exenatide to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2008; 294(5): E846 - E852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Perez-Martinez, N. Yiannakouris, J. Lopez-Miranda, D. Arnett, M. Tsai, E. Galan, R. Straka, J. Delgado-Lista, M. Province, J. Ruano, et al. Postprandial triacylglycerol metabolism is modified by the presence of genetic variation at the perilipin (PLIN) locus in 2 white populations Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2008; 87(3): 744 - 752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L.M. Ntyintyane, V.R. Panz, F.J. Raal, and G.V. Gill Postprandial lipaemia, metabolic syndrome and LDL particle size in urbanised South African blacks with and without coronary artery disease QJM, February 1, 2008; 101(2): 111 - 119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. M Ridker Fasting versus Nonfasting Triglycerides and the Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk: Do We Need to Revisit the Oral Triglyceride Tolerance Test? Clin. Chem., January 1, 2008; 54(1): 11 - 13. [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Mallika, B. Goswami, and M. Rajappa Atherosclerosis Pathophysiology and the Role of Novel Risk Factors: A Clinicobiochemical Perspective Angiology, November 1, 2007; 58(5): 513 - 522. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Q. Zhang, L. L. Ji, D. L. Fogt, and V. S. Fretwell Effect of exercise duration on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in men with metabolic syndrome J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2007; 103(4): 1339 - 1345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Pocathikorn, R. R. Taylor, I. James, and C. D. S. Mamotte LDL-Receptor mRNA Expression in Men Is Downregulated within an Hour of an Acute Fat Load and Is Influenced by Genetic Polymorphism J. Nutr., September 1, 2007; 137(9): 2062 - 2067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. G. Nordestgaard, M. Benn, P. Schnohr, and A. Tybjaerg-Hansen Nonfasting Triglycerides and Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Death in Men and Women JAMA, July 18, 2007; 298(3): 299 - 308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Bansal, J. E. Buring, N. Rifai, S. Mora, F. M. Sacks, and P. M Ridker Fasting Compared With Nonfasting Triglycerides and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Women JAMA, July 18, 2007; 298(3): 309 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. M. Reaven The Individual Components of the Metabolic Syndrome: Is There a Raison d'Etre? J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2007; 26(3): 191 - 195. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Corella, D. K. Arnett, M. Y. Tsai, E. K. Kabagambe, J. M. Peacock, J. E. Hixson, R. J. Straka, M. Province, C.-Q. Lai, L. D. Parnell, et al. The -256T>C Polymorphism in the Apolipoprotein A-II Gene Promoter Is Associated with Body Mass Index and Food Intake in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study Clin. Chem., June 1, 2007; 53(6): 1144 - 1152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Wehinger, I. Tancevski, W. Schgoer, P. Eller, K. Hochegger, M. Morak, A. Hermetter, A. Ritsch, J. R. Patsch, and B. Foeger Phospholipid Transfer Protein Augments Apoptosis in THP-1-Derived Macrophages Induced by Lipolyzed Hypertriglyceridemic Plasma Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2007; 27(4): 908 - 915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Tzotzas, M. Samara, T. Constantinidis, K. Tziomalos, and G. Krassas Short-term Administration of Orlistat Reduced Daytime Triglyceridemia in Obese Women With the Metabolic Syndrome Angiology, February 1, 2007; 58(1): 26 - 33. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R. Cabello-Moruno, J. S. Perona, J. Osada, M. Garcia, and V. Ruiz-Gutierrez Modifications in Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Composition and Size after the Intake of Pomace Olive Oil J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2007; 26(1): 24 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. D. Kolovou, K. K. Anagnostopoulou, D. S. Damaskos, C. Mihas, S. Mavrogeni, G. Hatzigeorgiou, T. Theodoridis, D. P. Mikhailidis, and D. V. Cokkinos Gender Influence on Postprandial Lipemia in Heterozygotes for Familial Hypercholesterolemia Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., January 1, 2007; 37(4): 335 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Demonty, Y.-M. Chan, D. Pelled, and P. J. Jones Fish-oil esters of plant sterols improve the lipid profile of dyslipidemic subjects more than do fish-oil or sunflower oil esters of plant sterols Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2006; 84(6): 1534 - 1542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Vedala, W. Wang, R. A. Neese, M. P. Christiansen, and M. K. Hellerstein Delayed secretory pathway contributions to VLDL-triglycerides from plasma NEFA, diet, and de novo lipogenesis in humans J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2006; 47(11): 2562 - 2574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Y. Kim, O. Y. Kim, S. J. Koh, Y. Jang, S.-S. Yun, J. M. Ordovas, and J. H. Lee Comparison of Low-Fat Meal and High-Fat Meal on Postprandial Lipemic Response in Non-Obese Men according to the -1131T>C Polymorphism of the Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) Gene (Randomized Cross-Over Design). J. Am. Coll. Nutr., August 1, 2006; 25(4): 340 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. M Reaven The metabolic syndrome: is this diagnosis necessary? Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2006; 83(6): 1237 - 1247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. D. Knuth and J. F. Horowitz The Elevation of Ingested Lipids within Plasma Chylomicrons Is Prolonged in Men Compared with Women J. Nutr., June 1, 2006; 136(6): 1498 - 1503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. R. Barrows and E. J. Parks Contributions of Different Fatty Acid Sources to Very Low-Density Lipoprotein-Triacylglycerol in the Fasted and Fed States J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2006; 91(4): 1446 - 1452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. B. Cesar, M. R. M. Oliveira, C. H. Mesquita, and R. C. Maranhao High Cholesterol Intake Modifies Chylomicron Metabolism in Normolipidemic Young Men J. Nutr., April 1, 2006; 136(4): 971 - 976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. S. Raikwar, W. K. Cho, R. F. Bowen, and M. A. Deeg Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D influences triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2006; 290(3): E463 - E470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Miyashita, S. F Burns, and D. J Stensel Exercise and postprandial lipemia: effect of continuous compared with intermittent activity patterns Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2006; 83(1): 24 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. V Sekhar, F. Jahoor, H. J Pownall, K. Rehman, J. Gaubatz, D. Iyer, and A. Balasubramanyam Severely dysregulated disposal of postprandial triacylglycerols exacerbates hypertriacylglycerolemia in HIV lipodystrophy syndrome Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2005; 81(6): 1405 - 1410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. M. Reaven The Metabolic Syndrome: Requiescat in Pace Clin. Chem., June 1, 2005; 51(6): 931 - 938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G D Kolovou, K K Anagnostopoulou, and D V Cokkinos Pathophysiology of dyslipidaemia in the metabolic syndrome Postgrad. Med. J., June 1, 2005; 81(956): 358 - 366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A Anderson, G. R Ellis, L. M. Evans, K. Morris, Y. Y Chirkov, J. D Horowitz, S. K Jackson, A. Rees, M. J Lewis, and M. P Frenneaux Platelet nitrate responsiveness in fasting and postprandial type 2 diabetes Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, May 1, 2005; 2(2): 88 - 93. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. P.H. van Wijk, E. J.P. de Koning, M. Castro Cabezas, and T. J. Rabelink Rosiglitazone Improves Postprandial Triglyceride and Free Fatty Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, April 1, 2005; 28(4): 844 - 849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. C. Chan, G. F. Watts, T. W.K. Ng, Y. Uchida, N. Sakai, S. Yamashita, and P. H. R. Barrett Adiponectin and other Adipocytokines as Predictors of Markers of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism Clin. Chem., March 1, 2005; 51(3): 578 - 585. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. H. Stein, M. A. Merwood, J. B. Bellehumeur, P. E. McBride, D. A. Wiebe, and J. M. Sosman Postprandial Lipoprotein Changes in Patients Taking Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2005; 25(2): 399 - 405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. T Timlin and E. J Parks Temporal pattern of de novo lipogenesis in the postprandial state in healthy men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2005; 81(1): 35 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Castro Cabezas, C. Verseyden, S. Meijssen, H. Jansen, and D. W. Erkelens Effects of Atorvastatin on the Clearance of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2004; 89(12): 5972 - 5980. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B.-H. Chung, B. S. Cho, P. Liang, S. Doran, L. Osterlund, R. A Oster, B. Darnell, and F. Franklin Contribution of postprandial lipemia to the dietary fat-mediated changes in endogenous lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations in humans Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1145 - 1158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. H Kim and G. M Reaven The metabolic syndrome: one step forward, two steps back Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, October 1, 2004; 1(2): 68 - 75. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Lopez-Miranda, G. Cruz, P. Gomez, C. MarIn, E. Paz, P. Perez-MartInez, F. J. Fuentes, J. M. Ordovas, and F. Perez-Jimenez The Influence of Lipoprotein Lipase Gene Variation on Postprandial Lipoprotein Metabolism J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2004; 89(9): 4721 - 4728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B.-H. Chung, P. Liang, S. Doran, B. H. S. Cho, and F. Franklin Postprandial chylomicrons: potent vehicles for transporting cholesterol from endogenous LDL+HDL and cell membranes to the liver via LCAT and CETP J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2004; 45(7): 1242 - 1255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Y. Tsai, A. Georgopoulos, J. D. Otvos, J. M. Ordovas, N. Q. Hanson, J. M. Peacock, and D. K. Arnett Comparison of Ultracentrifugation and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Quantification of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins after an Oral Fat Load Clin. Chem., July 1, 2004; 50(7): 1201 - 1204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. M. Maggi, S. Raselli, L. Grigore, L. Redaelli, S. Fantappie, and A. L. Catapano Lipoprotein Remnants and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Postprandial Phase J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2004; 89(6): 2946 - 2950. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Fonseca, C. Desouza, S. Asnani, and I. Jialal Nontraditional Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2004; 25(1): 153 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. L. Cruz, M. J. Weigensberg, T. T.-K. Huang, G. Ball, G. Q. Shaibi, and M. I. Goran The Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight Hispanic Youth and the Role of Insulin Sensitivity J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2004; 89(1): 108 - 113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Mohanlal and R. R. Holman A Standardized Triglyceride and Carbohydrate Challenge: The oral triglyceride tolerance test Diabetes Care, January 1, 2004; 27(1): 89 - 94. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Cianflone, R. Zakarian, C. Couillard, B. Delplanque, J.-P. Despres, and A. Sniderman Fasting acylation-stimulating protein is predictive of postprandial triglyceride clearance J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2004; 45(1): 124 - 131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. S. Katsanos, P. W. Grandjean, and R. J. Moffatt Effects of low and moderate exercise intensity on postprandial lipemia and postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity in physically active men J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 181 - 188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Moreno, J. Lopez-Miranda, C. Marin, P. Gomez, P. Perez-Martinez, F. Fuentes, R. A. Fernandez de la Puebla, J. A. Paniagua, J. M. Ordovas, and F. Perez-Jimenez The influence of the apolipoprotein E gene promoter (-219G/ T) polymorphism on postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in young normolipemic males J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2003; 44(11): 2059 - 2064. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Frohlich and M. Dobiasova Fractional Esterification Rate of Cholesterol and Ratio of Triglycerides to HDL-Cholesterol Are Powerful Predictors of Positive Findings on Coronary Angiography Clin. Chem., November 1, 2003; 49(11): 1873 - 1880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-H. Jansson, K. Boman, and T. Messner Trends in blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins and glucose metabolism in the Northern Sweden MONICA project 1986 - 99 Scand J Public Health, November 1, 2003; 31(61_suppl): 43 - 50. [Abstract] [PDF]

				B.-H. Chung, S. Doran, P. Liang, L. Osterlund, B. S. Cho, R. A Oster, B. Darnell, and F. Franklin Alcohol-mediated enhancement of postprandial lipemia: a contributing factor to an increase in plasma HDL and a decrease in risk of cardiovascular disease Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2003; 78(3): 391 - 399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Sakai, Y. Uchida, K. Ohashi, T. Hibuse, Y. Saika, Y. Tomari, S. Kihara, H. Hiraoka, T. Nakamura, S. Ito, et al. Measurement of fasting serum apoB-48 levels in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects by ELISA J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2003; 44(6): 1256 - 1262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. E. Eberly, J. Stamler, and J. D. Neaton Relation of Triglyceride Levels, Fasting and Nonfasting, to Fatal and Nonfatal Coronary Heart Disease Arch Intern Med, May 12, 2003; 163(9): 1077 - 1083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Landry, N. Bergeron, R. Archer, P. Samson, L. Corneau, J. Bergeron, and O. Deriaz Whole-body fat oxidation rate and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in men consuming an ad libitum high-carbohydrate or low-carbohydrate diet Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2003; 77(3): 580 - 586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Thomsen, H. Storm, J. J Holst, and K. Hermansen Differential effects of saturated and monounsaturated fats on postprandial lipemia and glucagon-like peptide 1 responses in patients with type 2 diabetes Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2003; 77(3): 605 - 611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. J. H. H. M. van Oostrom, T. P. Sijmonsma, C. Verseyden, E. H. J. M. Jansen, E. J. P. de Koning, T. J. Rabelink, and M. Castro Cabezas Postprandial recruitment of neutrophils may contribute to endothelial dysfunction J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2003; 44(3): 576 - 583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. Botham, X. Zheng, M. Napolitano, M. Avella, C. Cavallari, R. Rivabene, and E. Bravo The Effects of Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Delivered in Chylomicron Remnants on the Transcription of Genes Regulating Synthesis and Secretion of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein by the Liver: Modulation by Cellular Oxidative State Experimental Biology and Medicine, February 1, 2003; 228(2): 143 - 151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S. Petitt, S. A. Arngrimsson, and K. J. Cureton Effect of resistance exercise on postprandial lipemia J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2003; 94(2): 694 - 700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Sdringola, K. Nakagawa, Y. Nakagawa, S. W. Yusuf, F. Boccalandro, N. Mullani, M. Haynie, M. J. Hess, and K. L. Gould Combined intense lifestyle and pharmacologic lipid treatment further reduce coronary events and myocardial perfusion abnormalities compared with usual-care cholesterol-lowering drugs in coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 15, 2003; 41(2): 263 - 272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Levetan, L. L. Want, C. Weyer, S. A. Strobel, J. Crean, Y. Wang, D. G. Maggs, O. G. Kolterman, M. Chandran, S. R. Mudaliar, et al. Impact of Pramlintide on Glucose Fluctuations and Postprandial Glucose, Glucagon, and Triglyceride Excursions Among Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Intensively Treated With Insulin Pumps Diabetes Care, January 1, 2003; 26(1): 1 - 8. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. J. Horton, S. R. Commerford, M. J. Pagliassotti, and D. H. Bessesen Postprandial leg uptake of triglyceride is greater in women than in men Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2002; 283(6): E1192 - E1202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. D. Mattes Oral Fat Exposure Increases the First Phase Triacylglycerol Concentration Due to Release of Stored Lipid in Humans J. Nutr., December 1, 2002; 132(12): 3656 - 3662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Guerin, P. Egger, W. Le Goff, C. Soudant, R. Dupuis, and M. J. Chapman Atorvastatin Reduces Postprandial Accumulation and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein-Mediated Remodeling of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Subspecies in Type IIB Hyperlipidemia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2002; 87(11): 4991 - 5000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. N. Ginsberg New Perspectives on Atherogenesis: Role of Abnormal Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism Circulation, October 15, 2002; 106(16): 2137 - 2142. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Guerin, P. Egger, C. Soudant, W. Le Goff, A. van Tol, R. Dupuis, and M. J. Chapman Cholesteryl ester flux from HDL to VLDL-1 is preferentially enhanced in type IIB hyperlipidemia in the postprandial state J. Lipid Res., October 1, 2002; 43(10): 1652 - 1660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.F. Ebenbichler, M. Laimer, S. Kaser, A. Ritsch, A. Sandhofer, H. Weiss, F. Aigner, and J.R. Patsch Relationship Between Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and Atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile in Morbidly Obese Women Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2002; 22(9): 1465 - 1469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. R. W. de Sauvage Nolting, M. B. Twickler, G. M. Dallinga-Thie, R. J.A. Buirma, B. A. Hutten, J. J.P. Kastelein, and for the Examination of Probands and Relatives in S Elevated Remnant-Like Particles in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Response to Statin Therapy Circulation, August 13, 2002; 106(7): 788 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Marin, J. Lopez-Miranda, P. Gomez, E. Paz, P. Perez-Martinez, F. Fuentes, J. A. Jimenez-Pereperez, J. M. Ordovas, and F. Perez-Jimenez Effects of the human apolipoprotein A-I promoter G-A mutation on postprandial lipoprotein metabolism Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2002; 76(2): 319 - 325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Ceriello, L. Quagliaro, B. Catone, R. Pascon, M. Piazzola, B. Bais, G. Marra, L. Tonutti, C. Taboga, and E. Motz Role of Hyperglycemia in Nitrotyrosine Postprandial Generation Diabetes Care, August 1, 2002; 25(8): 1439 - 1443. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Sharman, W. J. Kraemer, D. M. Love, N. G. Avery, A. L. Gomez, T. P. Scheett, and J. S. Volek A Ketogenic Diet Favorably Affects Serum Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease in Normal-Weight Men J. Nutr., July 1, 2002; 132(7): 1879 - 1885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Auger, B. Caporiccio, N. Landrault, P. L. Teissedre, C. Laurent, G. Cros, P. Besancon, and J.-M. Rouanet Red Wine Phenolic Compounds Reduce Plasma Lipids and Apolipoprotein B and Prevent Early Aortic Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic Golden Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) J. Nutr., June 1, 2002; 132(6): 1207 - 1213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Chan, S. F. Knutsen, G. G. Blix, J. W. Lee, and G. E. Fraser Water, Other Fluids, and Fatal Coronary Heart Disease: The Adventist Health Study Am. J. Epidemiol., May 1, 2002; 155(9): 827 - 833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Hozumi, M. Eisenberg, K. Sugioka, A. R. Kokkirala, H. Watanabe, M. Teragaki, J. Yoshikawa, and S. Homma Change in Coronary Flow Reserve on Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography after a Single High-Fat Meal in Young Healthy Men Ann Intern Med, April 2, 2002; 136(7): 523 - 528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Hyson, T. G. Paglieroni, T. Wun, and J. C. Rutledge Postprandial Lipemia is Associated With Platelet and Monocyte Activation and Increased Monocyte Cytokine Expression in Normolipemic Men Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, April 1, 2002; 8(2): 147 - 155. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. E. Castiglione, N. W. Read, and S. J. French Adaptation to high-fat diet accelerates emptying of fat but not carbohydrate test meals in humans Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2002; 282(2): R366 - R371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Verges, B. Guerci, V. Durlach, C. Galland-Jos, J. L. Paul, L. Lagrost, and P. Gambert Increased plasma apoA-IV level is a marker of abnormal postprandial lipemia: a study in normoponderal and obese subjects J. Lipid Res., December 1, 2001; 42(12): 2021 - 2029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Gaenzer, W. Sturm, G. Neumayr, R. Kirchmair, C. Ebenbichler, A. Ritsch, B. Foger, G. Weiss, and J. R Patsch Pronounced postprandial lipemia impairs endothelium-dependent dilation of the brachial artery in men Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 2001; 52(3): 509 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Ai, A. Tanaka, K. Ogita, M. Sekinc, F. Numano, F. Numano, and G. M. Reaven Relationship between plasma insulin concentration and plasma remnant lipoprotein response to an oral fat load in patients with type 2 diabetes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2001; 38(6): 1628 - 1632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H.-S. Kim, F. Abbasi, C. Lamendola, T. McLaughlin, and G. M Reaven Effect of insulin resistance on postprandial elevations of remnant lipoprotein concentrations in postmenopausal women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2001; 74(5): 592 - 595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.J.M. Halkes, H. van Dijk, P.P.T. de Jaegere, H.W.M. Plokker, Y. van der Helm, D. W. Erkelens, and M. Castro Cabezas Postprandial Increase of Complement Component 3 in Normolipidemic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Effects of Expanded-Dose Simvastatin Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2001; 21(9): 1526 - 1530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P. van Wijk, M. C. Cabezas, C. J. Halkes, and D W. Erkelens Effects of different nutrient intakes on daytime triacylglycerolemia in healthy, normolipemic, free-living men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2001; 74(2): 171 - 178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Bhatnagar, M.I. Mackness, and P.N. Durrington Treatment of mixed hyperlipidaemia using a combination of omega-3 fatty acids and HMG CoA reductase inhibitor Eur. Heart J. Suppl., June 1, 2001; 3(suppl_D): D53 - D58. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R. D. Mattes Oral Exposure to Butter, but Not Fat Replacers Elevates Postprandial Triacylglycerol Concentration in Humans J. Nutr., May 1, 2001; 131(5): 1491 - 1496. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T. A. Sanders, F. R Oakley, J. A Cooper, and G. J Miller Influence of a stearic acid-rich structured triacylglycerol on postprandial lipemia, factor VII concentrations, and fibrinolytic activity in healthy subjects Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2001; 73(4): 715 - 721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. R. Thomas, K. E. Horner, M. M. Langdon, J. Q. Zhang, E. S. Krul, G. Y. Sun, and R. H. Cox Effect of exercise and medium-chain fatty acids on postprandial lipemia J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2001; 90(4): 1239 - 1246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Iso, Y. Naito, S. Sato, A. Kitamura, T. Okamura, T. Sankai, T. Shimamoto, M. Iida, and Y. Komachi Serum Triglycerides and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Japanese Men and Women Am. J. Epidemiol., March 1, 2001; 153(5): 490 - 499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Tholstrup, B. Sandstrom, A. Bysted, and G. Holmer Effect of 6 dietary fatty acids on the postprandial lipid profile, plasma fatty acids, lipoprotein lipase, and cholesterol ester transfer activities in healthy young men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2001; 73(2): 198 - 208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Harbis, C. Defoort, H. Narbonne, C. Juhel, M. Senft, C. Latgé, B. Delenne, H. Portugal, C. Atlan-Gepner, B. Vialettes, et al. Acute Hyperinsulinism Modulates Plasma Apolipoprotein B-48 Triglyceride--Rich Lipoproteins in Healthy Subjects During the Postprandial Period Diabetes, February 1, 2001; 50(2): 462 - 469. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. Marfella, L. De Angelis, F. Nappo, D. Manzella, M. Siniscalchi, G. Paolisso, and D. Giugliano Elevated plasma fatty acid concentrations prolong cardiac repolarization in healthy subjects Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2001; 73(1): 27 - 30. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Herd, J. E. M. Lawrence, D. Malkova, M. H. Murphy, S. Mastana, and A. E. Hardman Postprandial lipemia in young men and women of contrasting training status J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2000; 89(5): 2049 - 2056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. C Couch, C. R Isasi, W. Karmally, W. S Blaner, T. J Starc, D. Kaluski, R. J Deckelbaum, H. N Ginsberg, S. Shea, and L. Berglund Predictors of postprandial triacylglycerol response in children: the Columbia University Biomarkers Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2000; 72(5): 1119 - 1127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P Bantle, S. K Raatz, W. Thomas, and A. Georgopoulos Effects of dietary fructose on plasma lipids in healthy subjects Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2000; 72(5): 1128 - 1134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]