Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, Vol 11, 1786-1794, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Relation of extent of extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis as measured by B-mode ultrasound to the extent of coronary atherosclerosis

JL Wofford, FR Kahl, GR Howard, WM McKinney, JF Toole and JR Crouse 3d
Department of Internal Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27103.

The extent of carotid artery atherosclerosis as measured by B-mode ultrasound has been shown to be strongly and independently correlated with the presence or absence of coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD), but no studies to date have used carotid B-mode ultrasound to compare the extent of atherosclerotic disease in the two arterial circulations. We used data from a registry of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and B-mode ultrasound of the carotid arteries to compare the extent of CAD (number of major coronary vessels with 50% or greater stenosis as judged by a consensus interpretation) with the extent of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis. Four hundred thirty- four patients (234 men, 200 women) greater than 40 years of age were stratified by gender and then divided into quartiles on the basis of a B-mode score that was derived by summing arterial wall thickness at nine sites in the left and nine sites in the right carotid arteries. Evaluation of extent of CAD for the four B-mode quartiles showed that men in the lowest B-mode quartile were over six times more likely to have normal coronary arteries than three- to four-vessel CAD, while men in the highest B-mode quartile were over 10 times more likely to have three- to four-vessel CAD than normal coronary arteries. The findings were similar for women but not as dramatic. Gender-specific discriminant function models using traditional risk factors alone or in combination with B-mode score were developed to predict the extent of CAD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Mathieu, H. Joly, G. Baron, A. Tournadre, J.-J. Dubost, J.-M. Ristori, J.-R. Lusson, and M. Soubrier Trend towards increased arterial stiffness or intima-media thickness in ankylosing spondylitis patients without clinically evident cardiovascular disease Rheumatology, August 1, 2008; 47(8): 1203 - 1207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Sugioka, T. Hozumi, S. Iwata, H. Oe, T. Okuyama, N. Shirai, H. Yamashita, S. Ehara, T. Kataoka, J. Yoshikawa, et al. Morphological But Not Functional Changes of the Carotid Artery Are Associated With the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Preserved Left Ventricular Function Stroke, May 1, 2008; 39(5): 1597 - 1599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. H. Johnsen, E. B. Mathiesen, O. Joakimsen, E. Stensland, T. Wilsgaard, M.-L. Lochen, I. Njolstad, and E. Arnesen Carotid Atherosclerosis Is a Stronger Predictor of Myocardial Infarction in Women Than in Men: A 6-Year Follow-Up Study of 6226 Persons: The Tromso Study Stroke, November 1, 2007; 38(11): 2873 - 2880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Amato, P. Montorsi, A. Ravani, E. Oldani, S. Galli, P. M. Ravagnani, E. Tremoli, and D. Baldassarre Carotid intima-media thickness by B-mode ultrasound as surrogate of coronary atherosclerosis: correlation with quantitative coronary angiography and coronary intravascular ultrasound findings Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2007; 28(17): 2094 - 2101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Raggi and A. Bellasi Review: Imaging to assess effect of medical therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, July 1, 2007; 7(4): 157 - 164. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. H. Revkin, C. L. Shear, H. G. Pouleur, S. W. Ryder, and D. G. Orloff Biomarkers in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Need, Validation, and Future Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2007; 59(1): 40 - 53. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. L. Bots, D. Baldassarre, A. Simon, E. de Groot, D. H. O'Leary, W. Riley, J. J. Kastelein, and D. E. Grobbee Carotid intima-media thickness and coronary atherosclerosis: weak or strong relations? Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2007; 28(4): 398 - 406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Jorgensen, T. Jenssen, S. H. Johnsen, E. B. Mathiesen, I. Heuch, O. Joakimsen, E. Fosse, and B. K. Jacobsen Albuminuria as risk factor for initiation and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in non-diabetic persons: the Tromso Study Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2007; 28(3): 363 - 369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Wunsch, G. de Sousa, A. M. Toschke, and T. Reinehr Intima-Media Thickness in Obese Children Before and After Weight Loss Pediatrics, December 1, 2006; 118(6): 2334 - 2340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Raggi, A. Bellasi, and C. Ratti Ischemia Imaging and Plaque Imaging in Diabetes: Complementary tools to improve cardiovascular risk management Diabetes Care, November 1, 2005; 28(11): 2787 - 2794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Meyer, B. P. McGrath, and H. J. Teede Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Have Evidence of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2005; 90(10): 5711 - 5716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Meyer, B. P. McGrath, J. Cameron, D. Kotsopoulos, and H. J. Teede Vascular Dysfunction and Metabolic Parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2005; 90(8): 4630 - 4635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Jimenez, M. A. Garcia-Criado, D. Tassies, J. C. Reverter, R. Cervera, M. R. Gilabert, D. Zambon, E. Ros, C. Bru, and J. Font Preclinical vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome Rheumatology, June 1, 2005; 44(6): 756 - 761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Hamsten, A. Silveira, S. Boquist, R. Tang, M. G. Bond, U. de Faire, and J. Bjorkegren The apolipoprotein CI content of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins independently predicts early atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged men J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 5, 2005; 45(7): 1013 - 1017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Ogata, M. Yasaka, M. Yamagishi, O. Seguchi, K. Nagatsuka, and K. Minematsu Atherosclerosis Found on Carotid Ultrasonography Is Associated With Atherosclerosis on Coronary Intravascular Ultrasonography J. Ultrasound Med., April 1, 2005; 24(4): 469 - 474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. H. Johnsen, E. Fosse, O. Joakimsen, E. B. Mathiesen, E. Stensland-Bugge, I. Njolstad, and E. Arnesen Monocyte Count Is a Predictor of Novel Plaque Formation: A 7-Year Follow-up Study of 2610 Persons Without Carotid Plaque at Baseline The Tromso Study Stroke, April 1, 2005; 36(4): 715 - 719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.L. Eigenbrodt, Z. Bursac, E.P. Eigenbrodt, D.J. Couper, R.E. Tracy, and J.L. Mehta Mathematical estimation of the potential effect of vascular remodelling/dilatation on B-mode ultrasound intima-medial thickness QJM, November 1, 2004; 97(11): 729 - 737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Campo, M. A. Sardo, A. Bitto, A. Bonaiuto, G. Trimarchi, M. Bonaiuto, M. Castaldo, C. Saitta, S. Cristadoro, and A. Saitta Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Is Not Associated with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Hypercholesterolemic Sicilian Individuals Clin. Chem., November 1, 2004; 50(11): 2077 - 2082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Jennings, T. W. Kamarck, S. A. Everson-Rose, G. A. Kaplan, S. B. Manuck, and J.T. Salonen Exaggerated Blood Pressure Responses During Mental Stress Are Prospectively Related to Enhanced Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Finnish Men Circulation, October 12, 2004; 110(15): 2198 - 2203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Jorgensen, O. Joakimsen, G. K. Rosvold Berntsen, I. Heuch, and B. K. Jacobsen Low Bone Mineral Density Is Related to Echogenic Carotid Artery Plaques: A Population-based Study Am. J. Epidemiol., September 15, 2004; 160(6): 549 - 556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. H. Slyper What Vascular Ultrasound Testing Has Revealed about Pediatric Atherogenesis, and a Potential Clinical Role for Ultrasound in Pediatric Risk Assessment J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2004; 89(7): 3089 - 3095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. B. J. Mancini, B. Dahlof, and J. Diez Surrogate Markers for Cardiovascular Disease: Structural Markers Circulation, June 29, 2004; 109(25_suppl_1): IV-22 - IV-30. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. B. Davidson Is Treatment of Insulin Resistance Beneficial Independent of Glycemia? Diabetes Care, November 1, 2003; 26(11): 3184 - 3186. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Melidonis, I. A. Kyriazis, A. Georgopali, M. Zairis, A. Lyras, T. Lambropoulos, D. Matsaidonis, and S. Foussas Prognostic Value of the Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness for the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Diabetes Care, November 1, 2003; 26(11): 3189 - 3190. [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Ramakrishna, T. W Rooke, and L. T Cooper Iron and peripheral arterial disease: revisiting the iron hypothesis in a different light Vascular Medicine, August 1, 2003; 8(3): 203 - 210. [Abstract] [PDF]

				The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epide Intensive Diabetes Therapy and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus N. Engl. J. Med., June 5, 2003; 348(23): 2294 - 2303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Fallo, G. Camporese, E. Capitelli, G. M. Andreozzi, F. Mantero, and F. Lumachi Ultrasound Evaluation of Carotid Artery in Primary Hyperparathyroidism J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2003; 88(5): 2096 - 2099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. A. Treiber, T. Kamarck, N. Schneiderman, D. Sheffield, G. Kapuku, and T. Taylor Cardiovascular Reactivity and Development of Preclinical and Clinical Disease States Psychosom Med, January 1, 2003; 65(1): 46 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. J. Hunt, R. Duggirala, H. H.H. Goring, J. T. Williams, L. Almasy, J. Blangero, D. H. O'Leary, and M. P. Stern Genetic Basis of Variation in Carotid Artery Plaque in the San Antonio Family Heart Study Stroke, December 1, 2002; 33(12): 2775 - 2780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Rosvall, P.-O. Ostergren, B. Hedblad, S.-O. Isacsson, L. Janzon, and G. Berglund Life-Course Perspective on Socioeconomic Differences in Carotid Atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2002; 22(10): 1704 - 1711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Mitsuhashi, T. Onuma, S. Kubo, N. Takayanagi, M. Honda, and R. Kawamori Coronary Artery Disease and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients Diabetes Care, August 1, 2002; 25(8): 1308 - 1312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. H. Xiang, S. P. Azen, T. A. Buchanan, L. J. Raffel, S. Tan, L.S.-C. Cheng, J. Diaz, E. Toscano, M. Quinonnes, C.R. Liu, et al. Heritability of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Latino Families Ascertained Through a Hypertensive Parent Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2002; 22(5): 843 - 848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Belhassen, C. Carville, G. Pelle, J. L. Monin, E. Teiger, A.-M. Duval-Moulin, P. Dupouy, J. L. Dubois Rande, and P. Gueret Evaluation of carotid artery and aortic intima-media thickness measurements for exclusion of significant coronary atherosclerosis in patients scheduled for heart valve surgery J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 3, 2002; 39(7): 1139 - 1144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Jarvisalo, A. Putto-Laurila, L. Jartti, T. Lehtimaki, T. Solakivi, T. Ronnemaa, and O. T. Raitakari Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes, February 1, 2002; 51(2): 493 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. E. Chambless, A. R. Folsom, V. Davis, R. Sharrett, G. Heiss, P. Sorlie, M. Szklo, G. Howard, and G. W. Evans Risk Factors for Progression of Common Carotid Atherosclerosis: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1987-1998 Am. J. Epidemiol., January 1, 2002; 155(1): 38 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. H. Humphries, I. C.D. Westendorp, M. L. Bots, J. J. Spinelli, R. G. Carere, A. Hofman, and J. C.M. Witteman Parity and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Elderly Women: The Rotterdam Study Stroke, October 1, 2001; 32(10): 2259 - 2264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Nagai, K. Kitagawa, M. Sakaguchi, Y. Shimizu, H. Hashimoto, H. Yamagami, M. Narita, T. Ohtsuki, M. Hori, and M. Matsumoto Significance of Earlier Carotid Atherosclerosis for Stroke Subtypes Stroke, August 1, 2001; 32(8): 1780 - 1785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Zureik, F. Kauffmann, P.-J. Touboul, D. Courbon, and P. Ducimetiere Association Between Peak Expiratory Flow and the Development of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques Arch Intern Med, July 9, 2001; 161(13): 1669 - 1676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Ulgen, A. Bilici, M. Acar, and N. Toprak The Relationship of Coronary Artery Disease and Carotid Doppler Flow Velocity and Resistance Index in Patients with no Significant Carotid Stenosis Angiology, June 1, 2001; 52(6): 433 - 434. [PDF]

				P. Angerer, S. Stork, W. Kothny, P. Schmitt, and C. von Schacky Effect of Oral Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement on Progression of Atherosclerosis : A Randomized, Controlled Trial Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2001; 21(2): 262 - 268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Held, P. Hjemdahl, S.V. Eriksson, I. Bjorkander, L. Forslund, and N. Rehnqvist Prognostic implications of intima-media thickness and plaques in the carotid and femoral arteries in patients with stable angina pectoris Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2001; 22(1): 62 - 72. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. Paterniti, M. Zureik, P. Ducimetiere, P.-J. Touboul, J.-M. Feve, and A. Alperovitch Sustained Anxiety and 4-Year Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2001; 21(1): 136 - 141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Rubenfire, S. Rajagopalan, and L. Mosca Carotid artery vasoreactivity in response to sympathetic stress correlates with coronary disease risk and is independent of wall thickness J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2000; 36(7): 2192 - 2197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. O. Toikka, H. Laine, M. Ahotupa, A. Haapanen, J. S. A. Viikari, J. J. Hartiala, and O. T Raitakari Increased Arterial Intima-Media Thickness and In Vivo LDL Oxidation in Young Men With Borderline Hypertension Hypertension, December 1, 2000; 36(6): 929 - 933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Omae, O. Mayzel-Oreg, F. Li, C. H. Sotak, M. Fisher, and E. C. Haley Jr Inapparent Hemodynamic Insufficiency Exacerbates Ischemic Damage in a Rat Microembolic Stroke Model Editorial Comment Stroke, October 1, 2000; 31(10): 2494 - 2499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Rosvall, P. O. Ostergren, B. Hedblad, S-O. Isacsson, L. Janzon, and G. Berglund Occupational Status, Educational Level, and the Prevalence of Carotid Atherosclerosis in a General Population Sample of Middle-aged Swedish Men and Women: Results from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2000; 152(4): 334 - 346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Zureik, P. Ducimetiere, P.-J. Touboul, D. Courbon, C. Bonithon-Kopp, C. Berr, and C. Magne Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Predicts Occurrence of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques : Longitudinal Results From the Aging Vascular Study (EVA) Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2000; 20(6): 1622 - 1629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Joakimsen, K. H. Bonaa, E. Stensland-Bugge, and B. K. Jacobsen Age and Sex Differences in the Distribution and Ultrasound Morphology of Carotid Atherosclerosis : The Tromso Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1999; 19(12): 3007 - 3013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Hashimoto, M. Eto, M. Akishita, K. Kozaki, J. Ako, K. Iijima, S. Kim, K. Toba, M. Yoshizumi, and Y. Ouchi Correlation Between Flow-Mediated Vasodilatation of the Brachial Artery and Intima-Media Thickness in the Carotid Artery in Men Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1999; 19(11): 2795 - 2800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Skoglund-Andersson, R. Tang, M. G. Bond, U. de Faire, A. Hamsten, and F. Karpe LDL Particle Size Distribution Is Associated With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy 50-Year-Old Men Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1999; 19(10): 2422 - 2430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M. Grundy Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease : Integrating Risk Assessment With Intervention Circulation, August 31, 1999; 100(9): 988 - 998. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Boquist, G. Ruotolo, R. Tang, J. Bjorkegren, M. G. Bond, U. de Faire, F. Karpe, and A. Hamsten Alimentary Lipemia, Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, and Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy, Middle-Aged Men Circulation, August 17, 1999; 100(7): 723 - 728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Nagai, E J. Metter, and J. L Fleg Increased carotid artery intimal-medial thickness: risk factor for exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic older individuals Vascular Medicine, August 1, 1999; 4(3): 181 - 186. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. Kiechl and J. Willeit The Natural Course of Atherosclerosis : Part I: Incidence and Progression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 1999; 19(6): 1484 - 1490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Schmidt-Trucksass, D. Grathwohl, A. Schmid, R. Boragk, C. Upmeier, J. Keul, and M. Huonker Structural, Functional, and Hemodynamic Changes of the Common Carotid Artery With Age in Male Subjects Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 1999; 19(4): 1091 - 1097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Zureik, P.-J. Touboul, C. Bonithon-Kopp, D. Courbon, I. Ruelland, and P. Ducimetiere Differential Association of Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques With Parental History of Premature Death From Coronary Heart Disease : The EVA Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1999; 19(2): 366 - 371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. E. Rohde, R. T. Lee, J. Rivero, M. Jamacochian, L. H. Arroyo, W. Briggs, N. Rifai, P. Libby, M. A. Creager, and P. M. Ridker Circulating Cell Adhesion Molecules Are Correlated With Ultrasound-Based Assessment of Carotid Atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1998; 18(11): 1765 - 1770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Nowak, T. Nilsson, C. Sylven, and T. Jogestrand Potential of Carotid Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease : A Comparison With Exercise Test and Variance ECG Stroke, February 1, 1998; 29(2): 439 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. W. Kamarck, S. A. Everson, G. A. Kaplan, S. B. Manuck, J. R. Jennings, R. Salonen, and J. T. Salonen Exaggerated Blood Pressure Responses During Mental Stress Are Associated With Enhanced Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Finnish Men : Findings From the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Study Circulation, December 2, 1997; 96(11): 3842 - 3848. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				O. Joakimsen, K. H. Bonaa, and E. Stensland-Bugge Reproducibility of Ultrasound Assessment of Carotid Plaque Occurrence, Thickness, and Morphology : The Tromso Study Stroke, November 1, 1997; 28(11): 2201 - 2207. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T. J. Wilt, H. B. Rubins, S. J. Robins, W. A. Riley, D. Collins, M. Elam, G. Rutan, and J. W. Anderson Carotid Atherosclerosis in Men With Low Levels of HDL Cholesterol Stroke, October 1, 1997; 28(10): 1919 - 1925. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. Mykkanen, D. J. Zaccaro, D. H. O'Leary, G. Howard, D. C. Robbins, and S. M. Haffner Microalbuminuria and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Nondiabetic and NIDDM Subjects : The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Stroke, September 1, 1997; 28(9): 1710 - 1716. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Hulthe, J. Wikstrand, H. Emanuelsson, O. Wiklund, P. J. de Feyter, and I. Wendelhag Atherosclerotic Changes in the Carotid Artery Bulb as Measured by B-Mode Ultrasound Are Associated With the Extent of Coronary Atherosclerosis Stroke, June 1, 1997; 28(6): 1189 - 1194. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. Niskanen, R. Rauramaa, H. Miettinen, S. M. Haffner, M. Mercuri, and M. Uusitupa Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Elderly Patients With NIDDM and in Nondiabetic Subjects Stroke, November 1, 1996; 27(11): 1986 - 1992. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Hosoi, Y. Nishizawa, K. Kogawa, T. Kawagishi, T. Konishi, K. Maekawa, M. Emoto, S. Fukumoto, A. Shioi, T. Shoji, et al. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism Is Associated With Carotid Arterial Wall Thickness in Non–Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients Circulation, August 15, 1996; 94(4): 704 - 707. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Suurkula, B. Fagerberg, I. Wendelhag, S. Agewall, and J. Wikstrand Atherosclerotic Disease in the Femoral Artery in Hypertensive Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: The Value of Ultrasonographic Assessment of Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque Occurrence Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1996; 16(8): 971 - 977. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. Tonstad, O. Joakimsen, E. Stensland-Bugge, T. P. Leren, L. Ose, D. Russell, and K. H. Bonaa Risk Factors Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque in Children With Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Control Subjects Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1996; 16(8): 984 - 991. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. Bonithon-Kopp, P. J. Touboul, C. Berr, C. Magne, and P. Ducimetiere Factors of Carotid Arterial Enlargement in a Population Aged 59 to 71 Years : The EVA Study Stroke, April 1, 1996; 27(4): 654 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. A. Espeland, T. E. Craven, W. A. Riley, J. Corson, A. Romont, and C. D. Furberg Reliability of Longitudinal Ultrasonographic Measurements of Carotid Intimal-Medial Thicknesses Stroke, March 1, 1996; 27(3): 480 - 485. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. Bonithon-Kopp, P.-J. Touboul, C. Berr, C. Leroux, F. Mainard, D. Courbon, and P. Ducimetiere Relation of Intima-Media Thickness to Atherosclerotic Plaques in Carotid Arteries : The Vascular Aging (EVA) Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1996; 16(2): 310 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. R. Adams, A. Nakagomi, A. Keech, J. Robinson, R. McCredie, B. P. Bailey, S. B. Freedman, and D. S. Celermajer Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Is Only Weakly Correlated With the Extent and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, October 15, 1995; 92(8): 2127 - 2134. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Lynch, G. A. Kaplan, R. Salonen, R. D. Cohen, and J. T. Salonen Socioeconomic Status and Carotid Atherosclerosis Circulation, October 1, 1995; 92(7): 1786 - 1792. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. Simon, P. Giral, and J. Levenson Extracoronary Atherosclerotic Plaque at Multiple Sites and Total Coronary Calcification Deposit in Asymptomatic Men : Association With Coronary Risk Profile Circulation, September 15, 1995; 92(6): 1414 - 1421. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. R. Crouse III, T. E. Craven, A. P. Hagaman, and M. G. Bond Association of Coronary Disease With Segment-Specific Intimal-Medial Thickening of the Extracranial Carotid Artery Circulation, September 1, 1995; 92(5): 1141 - 1147. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. M. Prisant, P. C. Zemel, F. T. Nichols, M. B. Zemel, J. R. Sowers, A. A. Carr, W. O. Thompson, and M. G. Bond Carotid Plaque Associations Among Hypertensive Patients Arch Intern Med, February 22, 1993; 153(4): 501 - 506. [Abstract] [PDF]