Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1990;10:1051-1057
Arteriosclerosis, Vol 10, 1051-1057, Copyright © 1990 by American Heart Association
ARTICLES |
Inhibition of coronary artery atherosclerosis by 17-beta estradiol in ovariectomized monkeys. Lack of an effect of added progesterone
MR Adams, JR Kaplan, SB Manuck, DR Koritnik, JS Parks, MS Wolfe and TB Clarkson
Department of Comparative Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.
Although controversy continues, the preponderance of evidence indicates that estrogen replacement therapy favorably influences the risk of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. It remains uncertain how this effect is mediated and whether the cyclic addition of a progestin may influence adversely an estrogen-related cardioprotective effect. We investigated the influence of sex hormone replacement therapy on diet-induced coronary artery atherosclerosis in estrogen- deficient (ovariectomized) adult female cynomolgus monkeys. Monkeys were assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups: 1) no hormone replacement (n = 17), 2) continuously administered 17-beta estradiol plus cyclically administered progesterone (n = 20), and 3) continuously administered 17-beta estradiol (n = 18). The physiologic patterns of plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations were maintained by administering the hormones in sustained-release subcutaneous Silastic implants. The experiment lasted 30 months. At necropsy, coronary artery atherosclerosis was inhibited similarly (reduced by approximately one- half) in animals in both hormone replacement groups (p less than or equal to 0.05). Antiatherogenic effects of hormone replacement were independent of variation in total plasma cholesterol, lipoprotein cholesterol, apoprotein A-1 and B concentrations, high density lipoprotein subfraction heterogeneity, and low density lipoprotein molecular weight. We conclude that physiologic estrogen replacement therapy with or without added progesterone inhibits atherosclerosis progression in ovariectomized monkeys. This may explain why estrogen replacement therapy results in reduced risk of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women.
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C. H. Selzman, J. S. Gaynor, A. S. Turner, S. M. Johnson, L. D. Horwitz, T. A. Whitehill, and A. H. Harken Ovarian Ablation Alone Promotes Aortic Intimal Hyperplasia and Accumulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Circulation, November 10, 1998; 98(19): 2049 - 2054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S.F. Yim, T.K. Lau, D.S. Sahota, T.K.H. Chung, A.M.Z. Chang, and C.J. Haines Prospective Randomized Study of the Effect of "Add-Back" Hormone Replacement on Vascular Function During Treatment With Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists Circulation, October 20, 1998; 98(16): 1631 - 1635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Delarue, S. Daunes, R. Elhage, A. Garcia, F. Bayard, and J.-C. Faye Estrogens modulate bovine vascular endothelial cell permeability and HSP 25 expression concomitantly Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 1998; 275(3): H1011 - H1015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Hulley, D. Grady, T. Bush, C. Furberg, D. Herrington, B. Riggs, E. Vittinghoff, and for the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement S Randomized Trial of Estrogen Plus Progestin for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women JAMA, August 19, 1998; 280(7): 605 - 613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Kim-Schulze, W. L. Lowe Jr, and H. W. Schnaper Estrogen Stimulates Delayed Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity in Human Endothelial Cells via an Autocrine Loop That Involves Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Circulation, August 4, 1998; 98(5): 413 - 421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. B. Clarkson and M. S. Anthony Lack of Effect of Raloxifene on Coronary Atherosclerosis of Postmenopausal Monkeys--Authors' Response J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1998; 83(8): 3002 - 3004. [Full Text]
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B. P. McGrath, Y.-L. Liang, H. Teede, L. M. Shiel, J. D. Cameron, and A. Dart Age-Related Deterioration in Arterial Structure and Function in Postmenopausal Women : Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 1998; 18(7): 1149 - 1156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. C. Register, M. R. Adams, D. L. Golden, and T. B. Clarkson Conjugated Equine Estrogens Alone, but Not in Combination With Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, Inhibit Aortic Connective Tissue Remodeling After Plasma Lipid Lowering in Female Monkeys Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 1998; 18(7): 1164 - 1171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Alexandersen, J. Haarbo, I. Sandholdt, M. Shalmi, H. Lawaetz, and C. Christiansen Norethindrone Acetate Enhances the Antiatherogenic Effect of 17ß-Estradiol : A Secondary Prevention Study of Aortic Atherosclerosis in Ovariectomized Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 1998; 18(6): 902 - 907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. E. De Meersman, A. S. Zion, E. G. V. Giardina, J. P. Weir, J. S. Lieberman, and J. A. Downey Estrogen replacement, vascular distensibility, and blood pressures in postmenopausal women Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 1998; 274(5): H1539 - H1544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. B. Clarkson, M. S. Anthony, and C. P. Jerome Lack of Effect of Raloxifene on Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis of Postmenopausal Monkeys J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 1998; 83(3): 721 - 726. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. D. Wagner, M. J. Thomas, J. K. Williams, L. Zhang, K. A. Greaves, and W. T. Cefalu Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Ovariectomized Monkeys with Estradiol Alone or Combined with Nomegestrol Acetate J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 1998; 83(3): 896 - 901. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 C. H. Selzman, T. A. Whitehill, B. D. Shames, E. J. Pulido, B. C. Cain, and A. H. Harken The Biology of Estrogen-Mediated Repair of Cardiovascular Injury Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1998; 65(3): 868 - 874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. D. Minshall, F. Z. Stanczyk, K. Miyagawa, B. Uchida, M. Axthelm, M. Novy, and K. Hermsmeyer Ovarian Steroid Protection against Coronary Artery Hyperreactivity in Rhesus Monkeys J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 1998; 83(2): 649 - 659. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. A. Bellinger, J. K. Williams, M. R. Adams, E. K. Honore, and D. E. Bender Oral Contraceptives and Hormone Replacement Therapy Do Not Increase the Incidence of Arterial Thrombosis in a Nonhuman Primate Model Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1998; 18(1): 92 - 99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Elhage, F. Bayard, V. Richard, P. Holvoet, N. Duverger, C. Fievet, and J.-F. Arnal Prevention of Fatty Streak Formation of 17ß-Estradiol Is Not Mediated by the Production of Nitric Oxide in Apolipoprotein E– Deficient Mice Circulation, November 4, 1997; 96(9): 3048 - 3052. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. S. Anthony, T. B. Clarkson, B. C. Bullock, and J. D. Wagner Soy Protein Versus Soy Phytoestrogens in the Prevention of Diet-Induced Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis of Male Cynomolgus Monkeys Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 2524 - 2531. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. Elhage, J.-F. Arnal, M.-T. Pieraggi, N. Duverger, C. Fievet, J.-C. Faye, and F. Bayard 17ß-Estradiol Prevents Fatty Streak Formation in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 2679 - 2684. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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Y. Matsubara, M. Murata, K. Kawano, T. Zama, N. Aoki, H. Yoshino, G. Watanabe, K. Ishikawa, and Y. Ikeda Genotype Distribution of Estrogen Receptor Polymorphisms in Men and Postmenopausal Women From Healthy and Coronary Populations and Its Relation to Serum Lipid Levels Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 3006 - 3012. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P.-Y. Scarabin, M. Alhenc-Gelas, G. Plu-Bureau, P. Taisne, R. Agher, and M. Aiach Effects of Oral and Transdermal Estrogen/Progesterone Regimens on Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Postmenopausal Women : A Randomized Controlled Trial Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 3071 - 3078. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. C. Schwenke Gender Differences in Intima-Media Permeability to Low-Density Lipoprotein at Atherosclerosis-Prone Aortic Sites in Rabbits : Lack of Effect of 17ß-Estradiol Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 2150 - 2157. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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B. Bruck, U. Brehme, N. Gugel, S. Hanke, G. Finking, C. Lutz, N. Benda, F. W. Schmahl, R. Haasis, and H. Hanke Gender-Specific Differences in the Effects of Testosterone and Estrogen on the Development of Atherosclerosis in Rabbits Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 2192 - 2199. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Holm, M. Shalmi, N. Korsgaard, B. Guldhammer, S. O. Skouby, and S. Stender A Partial Estrogen Receptor Agonist With Strong Antiatherogenic Properties Without Noticeable Effect on Reproductive Tissue in Cholesterol-Fed Female and Male Rabbits Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 2264 - 2272. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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N. H. Bjarnason, J. Haarbo, I. Byrjalsen, R. F. Kauffman, and C. Christiansen Raloxifene Inhibits Aortic Accumulation of Cholesterol in Ovariectomized, Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1964 - 1969. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. K. Williams, E. K. Honore, and M. R. Adams Contrasting Effects of Conjugated Estrogens and Tamoxifen on Dilator Responses of Atherosclerotic Epicardial Coronary Arteries in Nonhuman Primates Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1970 - 1975. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. R.W. St Clair Effect of 17ß-Estradiol on Metabolism of Acetylated Low-Density Lipoprotein by THP-1 Macrophages in Culture Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 1997; 17(9): 1691 - 1700. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. B. Manuck, M. R. Adams, J. M. McCaffery, and J. R. Kaplan Behaviorally Elicited Heart Rate Reactivity and Atherosclerosis in Ovariectomized Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 1997; 17(9): 1774 - 1779. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. D. Freay, S. W. Curtis, K. S. Korach, and G. M. Rubanyi Mechanism of Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxation by Estrogen in Depolarized Rat and Mouse Aorta : Role of Nuclear Estrogen Receptor and Ca2+ Uptake Circ. Res., August 19, 1997; 81(2): 242 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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